- African Americans at the Siege of Petersburg
African Americans at Siege of Petersburg
In Petersburg
At the beginning of the Civil War,
Virginia had a black population of about 549,000. This meant that of the Confederacy's total black population 1 in 6 blacks lived in Virginia. Of thoseAfrican American s in Virginia 89% were slaves. In Petersburg about half the population was black of which nearly 35% were free. Petersburg was considered to have the largest number of free blacks of any Southern city at that time. Many of the freedmen prospered here asbarber s,blacksmith s, boatmen, draymen, livery stable keepers and caterers.erving the Confederacy
When Petersburg became a major supply center for the newly formed Confederacy and its nearby capital in Richmond, both freedmen and slaves were employed in various war functions. One of which was working for the numerous railroad companies that operated in and out of the city. In
1862 CaptainCharles Dimmock used freedmen and slave labor to construct a ten-mile long defensive line oftrenches and batteries around the city.Once the siege began in June
1864 , African Americans continued working for the Confederacy. In September1864 , GeneralRobert E. Lee asked for an additional 2,000 blacks to be added to his labor force. On January 11, 1865 GeneralRobert E. Lee wrote the Confederate Congress urging them to pass pending legislation to arm and enlist black slaves in exchange for their freedom. OnMarch 13 , theConfederate Congress passed legislation to raise and enlist companies of black soldiers. The legislation was then promulgated into military policy by Davis inGeneral Order No. 14 onMarch 23 ,1865 . [Official Record, Series IV, Vol. III, pg. 1161-62] The emancipation offered, however, was still reliant upon one's master agreement;"no slave will be accepted as a recruit unless with his own consent and with the approbation of his master by a written instrument conferring, as far as he may, the rights of a freedman" [.ibid]erving the Union: U.S. Colored Troops in the Siege
During the war a total of nearly 187,000 African Americans served in the
Union Army . Of those the greatest concentration ofU.S. Colored Troops (USCT) was at Petersburg. In the initial assault upon the city onJune 15 ,1864 a division of USCTs in the XVIII Corps helped capture and secure a section of theDimmock Line . The other division at Petersburg was with the IX Corps and it fought in theBattle of the Crater ,July 30 ,1864 .In December 1864, all the United States Colored Troops around Petersburg were incorporated into three divisions and became the XV Corps of the
Army of the James . It was the largest black force assembled during the war and varied between 9,000 to 16,000 men. Overall in the Petersburg Campaign USCTs would participate in 6 major engagements and earn 15 of the 16 total Medals of Honor awarded African American soldiers in the Civil War.At City Point
African Americans served in varying capacities at the Union supply base at City Point. They served as pickets, railroad workers, and laborers "discharging the ships, wheeling the dirt, sawing the timber and driving the piles." Many also worked at the
Depot Field Hospital as cooks.References
External links
* [http://www.nps.gov/pete/mahan/eduhistafam.html National Park Service]
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