Hatazō Adachi

Infobox Military Person
name= Hatazō Adachi
lived=17 June 1884 - 10 September 1947
placeofbirth=Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
placeofdeath=Rabaul, Solomon Islands


caption=General Hatazō Adachi
nickname=
allegiance=Empire of Japan
branch=
serviceyears=1910-1945
rank=General
commands=
unit=
battles=Second Sino-Japanese War
World War II
oNew Guinea campaign
awards=Order of the Rising Sun, 1st class
laterwork=nihongo|Hatazō Adachi|安達 二十三|Adachi Hatazō|extra= 17 June 1884 - 10 September 1947 was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.

Biography

Early career

Adachi was born into an impoverished samurai family in Ishikawa Prefecture in 1884 (the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Meiji, which is why his father chose the "kanji" for "23" to represent his first name "Hatazo"). Too poor to afford the military preparatory schools necessary for a career in the Imperial Japanese Navy, as a youth he tested into the fiercely competitive Tokyo Cadet Academy, which enabled him to enter the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, from which he graduated from the 22nd class in 1910.

Adachi served with the 1st Imperial Guards Division, and then graduated from the 34th class of the Army War College in 1922. Unlike many Army officers of his day, Adachi avoided involvement in the political factions which plagued the Japanese Army in the 1930s. After serving in a number of staff and administrative positions within the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff, Adachi was assigned to the Railway Guard unit of the Kwangtung Army, responsible for the security of the South Manchuria Railway in 1933.

econd Sino-Japanese War

Adachi was promoted to colonel in 1934, and was given command of the IJA 12th Infantry Regiment in 1936. During the Shanghai Incident of July 1937, Adachi also gained a reputation of leading his troops from the front, where the fighting was the thickest. He was injured by a mortar barrage in September, which permanently damaged his right leg.

He was promoted to major general in 1938, and promoted to commander of the IJA 26th Infantry Brigade. Adachi had a reputation as a "soldier's general," sharing the miserable living conditions of his troops and welcoming open discussion with his officer and staff. [Budge, Pacific War Online Encyclopedia]

Promoted to lieutenant general in August 1940, he was commander of the IJA 37th Division at the Battle of South Shanxi. In 1940, he became as Chief of staff of the North China Area Army from 1941-1942, during the height of its scorched earth campaigns against the Chinese Red Army.

Pacific War

On 9 November 1942, Adachi was appointed commander in chief of the newly formed Japanese Eighteenth Army on Rabaul and the north coast of New Guinea from 1942-1945. [Ammenthorp, The Generals of World War II] The 18th Army contained the IJA 20th Division and IJA 41st Division, both of which arrived safely. However, the IJA 51st Division, including Adachi and his senior staff, came under Allied air attack while en route from Rabaul to Lae, in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea. All eight transport ships and four destroyers were sunk with the loss of 3,664 men, and only 2,427 men of the Division were rescued.

With the defeat of the Imperial Japanese Navy in the Solomon Islands campaign, and with landings of US forces led by Douglas MacArthur at Aitape and Hollandia on April 22-27, 1944 isolated the vast majority of Adachi's forces. His forces, suffering from malaria, heat exhaustion and malnutrition were rendered ineffective for the remainder of the war, despite Adachi's efforts to achieve some form of self-sufficiency by planting crops and giving priority in rations to the sick. As ammunition began to run low, many of Adachi's commanders resorted to banzai charges against the Allied beachhead at Aitape rather than surrender. By the end of the war in September 1945, most of his forces had been annihilated. Of Adachi's original 140,000 men, barely 13,000 were still alive when the war ended. He surrendered to the Australian 6th Division at Wewak, New Guinea.

Postwar

At the end of the war, Adachi was taken into custody by the Australian government and charged with war crimes in connection with mistreatment and arbitrary execution of prisoners of war. Although not personally involved in any of the atrocities mentioned, Adachi insisted on absorbing command responsibility for the actions of his subordinates during the military tribunal. He was sentenced to life imprisonment, but on the morning of 10 September 1947, he committed ritual suicide with a rusty paring knife at Rabaul.

References

Books

*cite book
last = Hayashi
first = Saburo
authorlink =
coauthors =
year = 1959
title = Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War
publisher = Marine Corps. Association
location =
id = ASIN B000ID3YRK
*cite book
last = Drea
first = Edward J.
authorlink =
coauthors =
chapter = Adachi Hatazo: A Soldier of His Emperor
year = 2003
title = In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army
publisher = Bison Books
location =
id = ISBN-13: 978-0803266384
*cite book
last = Fuller
first = Richard
authorlink =
coauthors =
chapter = Adachi Hatazo
year = 1992
title = Shōkan: Hirohito's Samurai
publisher = Arms and Armour Press
location = London
id = ISBN 1-85409-151-4

External links

*cite web
last = Ammenthorp
first = Steen
url = http://www.generals.dk/general/Adachi/Hatazo/Japan.html
title = Adachi, Hatazo
work = The Generals of World War II
*cite web
last = Budge
first = Kent
url = http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/A/d/Adachi_Hatazo.htm
title = Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
work =
accessdate = 2007-08-03
* [http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/ajrp/remember.nsf/pages/NT000026D2]

Notes