- Two-sided Laplace transform
In
mathematics , the two-sided Laplace transform or bilateral Laplace transform is anintegral transform closely related to theFourier transform , theMellin transform , and the ordinary or one-sidedLaplace transform . If "f"("t") is a real or complex valued function of the real variable "t" defined for all real numbers, then the two-sided Laplace transform is defined by the integral:mathcal{B} left{f(t) ight} = F(s) = int_{-infty}^{infty} e^{-st} f(t) dtThere seems to be no generally accepted notation for the two-sided transform, the mathcal{B} used here recalls "bilateral". The two-sided transformused by some authors is:mathcal{T}left{f(t) ight} = smathcal{B}left{f ight} = sF(s) =s int_{-infty}^{infty} e^{-st} f(t) dtIn
science andengineering applications, the argument "t" often represents time (in seconds), and the function "f"("t") often represents a signal or waveform that varies with time. In these cases, "f"("t") is called the time domain representation of the signal, while "F"("s") is called the frequency domain representation. The inverse transformation then represents a "synthesis" of the signal as the sum of its frequency components taken over all frequencies, whereas the forward transformation represents the "analysis" of the signal into its frequency components.Relationship to other integral transforms
If "u"("t") is the
Heaviside step function , equal to zero when "t" is less than zero, to one-half when "t" equals zero, and to one when "t" is greater than zero, then the Laplace transform mathcal{L} may be defined in terms of the two-sided Laplace transform by:mathcal{L}left{f(t) ight} = mathcal{B}left{f(t) u(t) ight}On the other hand, we also have:left{mathcal{B} f ight}(s) = left{mathcal{L} f(t) ight}(s) + left{mathcal{L} f(-t) ight}(-s)so either version of the Laplace transform can be defined in terms of the other.The Mellin transform may be defined in terms of the two-sided Laplace transform by:left{mathcal{M} f ight}(s) = left{mathcal{B} f(e^{-x}) ight}(s)and conversely we can get the two-sided transform from the Mellin transform by:left{mathcal{B} f ight}(s) = left{mathcal{M} f(-ln x) ight}(s)
The Fourier transform may also be defined in terms of the two-sided Laplacetransform; here instead of having the same image with differing originals, wehave the same original but different images. We may define the Fourier transform as:mathcal{F}left{f(t) ight} = F(s=iomega) = F(omega) Note that definitions of the Fourier transform differ, and in particular :left{mathcal{F} f ight}= F(s=iomega) = frac{1}{sqrt{2pileft{mathcal{B} f ight}(s)is often used instead.In terms of the Fourier transform, we may also obtain the two-sided Laplacetransform, as:left{mathcal{B} f ight}(s) = left{mathcal{F} f ight}(-is)
The Fourier transform is normally defined so that it exists for real values; the above definition defines the image in a strip a < Im(s) < b which may not include the real axis.
The
moment-generating function of a continuousprobability density function "f"("x") can be expressed as left{mathcal{B} f ight}(-s).References
*LePage, Wilbur R., "Complex Variables and the Laplace Transform for Engineers", Dover Publications, 1980
* van der Pol, Balthasar, and Bremmer, H., "Operational Calculus Based on the Two-Sided Laplace Integral", Chelsea Pub. Co., 3rd edition, 1987
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.