Trogulidae

Taxobox


image_caption =
image_width = 250px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Arachnida
ordo = Opiliones
subordo = Dyspnoi
superfamilia = Troguloidea
familia = Trogulidae
familia_authority = Sundevall, 1833
diversity_link = Trogulidae
diversity = 7 genera, c. 45 species
range_

range_map_caption = natural range of Trogulidae
range_map_width = 250px
subdivision_ranks = Genera
subdivision = "Anarthrotarsus"
"Anelasmocephalus"
"Calathocratus"
"Konfiniotis"
"Platybessobius"
"Trogulocratus"
"Trogulus"

The Trogulidae are a family of harvestmen with about 45 known species.

They have short legs and live in soil. They have dirt attached to their bodies, to escape predators. Their body length ranges from 2 to 22 mm. The body is in most genera somewhat flattened and leathery. Adults have a small hood, which hides their short chelicerae and pedipalps.aut|Gruber, Jürgen (2007): Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833. In: Pinto-da-Rocha "et al." 2007: 157ff]

Distribution

Members of this family occur in western and southern Europe, up to western North Africa and the Levant, the Caucasus and northern Iran. "Trogulus tricarinatus", a predator of terrestrial snails, has been introduced to eastern North America.

Name

The name of the type genus, "Trogulus", is not fully understood. The describer Latreille wrote he named it because it looks like a monkshood. Perrier (1929) derived it from Ancient Greek "trogein" "gnawing", because of the rough, "gnawed-upon" appearance.

pecies

* "Trogulus" Latreille, 1802:* "Trogulus albicerus" Sørensen, 1873:* "Trogulus aquaticus" Simon, 1879:* "Trogulus banaticus" Avram, 1971:* "Trogulus cisalpinus" Chemini & Martens, 1988 (Italy):* "Trogulus coriziformis" C. L. Koch, in Hahn & C .L. Koch 1839 (southern Europe, Algeria):* "Trogulus falcipenis" Komposch, 1999 (Austria):* "Trogulus galasensis" Avram, 1971:* "Trogulus graecus" Dahl, 1903 (Greece):* "Trogulus gypseus" Simon, 1879 (Israel, Egypt):* † "Trogulus longipes" Haupt, 1956 (fossil: Eocene):* "Trogulus lusitanicus" Giltay, 1932 (Portugal):* "Trogulus martensi" Chemini, 1983 (Italy):* "Trogulus nepaeformis" (Scopoli, 1763) (southern Europe):* "Trogulus roeweri" Avram, 1971:* "Trogulus salfi" Lerma, 1949 (Italy):* "Trogulus setosissmus" Roewer, 1940 (Crete):* "Trogulus sinuosus" Sørensen, 1873:* "Trogulus squamatus" C. L. Koch, in Hahn & C .L .Koch 1839 (Dalmatia):* "Trogulus tingiformis" C.L. Koch, in Hahn & C. L. Koch 1839:* "Trogulus torosus" Simon, 1885 (Dalmatia):* "Trogulus tricarinatus" (Linnaeus, 1758) (central Europe)::* "Trogulus tricarinatus" Linnaeus, 1758::* "Trogulus hirtus" Dahl, 1903 (Hercegovina):* "Trogulus uncinatus" Gruber, 1973

* "Anelasmocephalus" Simon, 1879:* "Anelasmocephalus balearicus" Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Baleares):* "Anelasmocephalus bicarinatus" Simon, 1879 (Algeria, Corsica):* "Anelasmocephalus brignolii" Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Sardinia):* "Anelasmocephalus calcaneatus" Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Sicily):* "Anelasmocephalus cambridgei" (Westwood, 1874) (Europe):* "Anelasmocephalus crassipes" (Lucas, 1847) (Algeria):* "Anelasmocephalus hadzii" Martens, 1978 (Austria):* "Anelasmocephalus lycosinus" (Sørensen, 1873) (Italy):* "Anelasmocephalus oblongus" (Sørensen, 1873) (Algeria):* "Anelasmocephalus osellai" Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Italy):* "Anelasmocephalus pusillus" Simon, 1879 (Corsica, Sardinia):* "Anelasmocephalus pyrenaicus" Martens, 1978 (Spain):* "Anelasmocephalus rufitarsis" Simon, 1879 (France):* "Anelasmocephalus tenuiglandis" Martens & Chemini, 1988 (France):* "Anelasmocephalus tuscus" Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Italy)

* "Calathocratus" Simon, 1879:* "Calathocratus africanus" (Lucas, 1847) (southern Europe, Algeria)

* "Trogulocratus" Roewer, 1940:* "Trogulocratus intermedius" Roewer, 1940 (Crete):* "Trogulocratus rhodiensis" Gruber, 1963:* "Trogulocratus tunetanus" Roewer, 1950

* "Konfiniotis" Roewer, 1940:* "Konfiniotis creticus" Roewer, 1940 (Crete)

* "Anarthrotarsus" Silhavý, 1967:* "Anarthrotarsus martensi" Silhavý, 1967

* "Platybessobius" Roewer, 1940:* "Platybessobius singularis" Roewer, 1940 (Crete):* "Platybessobius caucasicus" Silhavý, 1966

Footnotes

References

* Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: [http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Trogulidae.txt Trogulidae]
* (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. "Harvard University Press" ISBN 0-674-02343-9