Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine

The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine ( _ar. حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين, - "Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn") is a Palestinian militant group designated terrorist by the United States [http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/45394.htm] , the European Union [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_340/l_34020051223en00640066.pdf] , the United Kingdom [http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/security/terrorism-and-the-law/terrorism-act/proscribed-groups] , Japan [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/2005/ch3-a.pdf] , Canada [http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp#hhi18] , Australia [http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/www/nationalsecurity.nsf/AllDocs/95FB057CA3DECF30CA256FAB001F7FBD?OpenDocument] and Israel. Their goal is the destruction of Israel and its replacement with a Palestinian Islamic state. [ [http://www.palestineremembered.com/al-Ramla/Zarnuqa/Story455.html Interview with the General Secretary of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine: Dr. Fathi Shikaki] ]

This group defines jihad as acts of war against Israelis. Palestinian Islamic Jihad also opposes many other Arab governments, whom they see as being insufficiently Islamic and too Western. The PIJ's armed wing, the Al-Quds brigades, has claimed responsibility for numerous militant attacks in Israel, including suicide bombings. Their ability to carry out attacks on Israel has been limited since Israel's construction of the West Bank barrier and the isolation of the Gaza Strip, although they frequently threaten waves of "martyrdom operations." [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/18/AR2007121800273_pf.html] The group is responsible for the Qassam rocket barrages at Israeli towns that have killed and injured civilians, and cause widespread hardship in communities in Israel's south (See: List of Qassam rocket attacks. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,,-7160819,00.html] . The rockets are primarily launched from Hamas-controlled Gaza.

Islamic Jihad is significantly smaller than Hamas, and lacks the wide social network that Hamas has. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad was formed in the Gaza Strip during the 1970s by Fathi Shaqaqi and Abd Al Aziz Awda as a branch of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, an organization currently led by Ramadan Abdullah Mohammad Shallah. The group is also said to receive some funding from Hezbollah. The group has also clashed repeatedly with Hamas following the latter's takeover of the Gaza strip in mid-2007.

Background and history

The group is based in the Syrian capital, Damascus, and its financial backing is believed to come from there and Iran. The group operates primarily in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, but has also carried out attacks in Jordan and Lebanon. Its main strongholds in the West Bank are the cities of Hebron and Jenin.

Islamic Jihad has much in common with Hamas. They both have an Islamist agenda, they call for the destruction of Israel, they have cooperated in attacks against Israel, they formed as offshoots of Egypt's Islamic Brotherhood, and they receive funds from Iran. [ [http://cordover.blogspot.com/2007/08/hamas-confronts-islamic-jihad.html "Hamas Confronts Islamic Jihad"] Cafe Cordover by Adam Cordover]

Fathi Shaqaqi led the organization for two decades. He was killed in Malta in October 1995 by an unknown party. Some people believe the party to be Israel, while others say other Palestinian groups killed him. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad often attempts to carry out attacks against Israeli targets on the anniversary of his death, although the identity of the assassins was never determined.

During the Al-Aqsa Intifada, beginning in September 2000, the PIJ committed many suicide bombing attacks against Israelis. Many of the attacks in 2001 and 2002 came from the PIJ in Jenin, headed by Mahmoud Tawallbe, Ali Sefoori and Tabeth Mardawi. The headquarters of the PIJ in Jenin and the West Bank was seriously damaged during Operation Defensive Shield: Tawallbe was killed by an IDF Caterpillar D9 armored bulldozer while Sefoori and Mardawi were arrested by Israel security forces.

On February 20, 2003, University of South Florida computer engineering professor Dr. Sami Al-Arian was arrested after being indicted on 50 terrorism related charges. US Attorney General John Ashcroft alleged at a press conference that Dr. Al-Arian is the North American head of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad. On December 6, 2005, Al-Arian was acquitted on 8 of the 17 charges against him and the jury deadlocked on the rest 10-2. Then on March 2, 2006, Al-Arian entered a guilty plea to a charge of conspiracy to help members of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad in nonviolent activities, unrelated to the PIJ. Al-Arian was sentenced to 57 months less time (about 38 months) served, and will be deported upon completion of the remainder of the sentence.

Islamic Jihad is alleged to have used teens as suicide bombers. On March 29, 2004, 16-year-old Tamer Khuweir in Rifidia, an Arab suburb of Nablus was apprehended by Israeli security forces as he prepared to carry out a suicide attack. His older brother claimed he was brainwashed to do it by an Islamic Jihad cleric and demanded the Palestinian Authority investigate the incident and arrest those responsible for it. [http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/afp/mideast_unrest]

After Shaqaqi's death, Palestinian Islamic Jihad has been led since 1995 by fellow founder Sheikh Abdullah Ramadan Shallah, aka Ramadan Abdullah Mohammad Shallah, who was then listed as a "Specially Designated Terrorist" under United States law on November 27, 1995, and subsequently was indicted on RICO charges, and consequently became one of the "FBI Most Wanted Terrorists" on February 24, 2006.

Militant activities

* Islamic Jihad has claimed responsibility for many militant activities over the years. The organization is responsible for a number of attacks including more than 30 completed suicide bombings. Most recently a suicide bombing attack on a Tel Aviv felafel stand on April 17, 2006, which left 11 civilians dead, along with dozens injured. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4915868.stm]

* See List of Palestinian Islamic Jihad suicide attacks.

* Islamic Jihad has also launched deployed its own rocket similar to the Qassam rocket used by Hamas called the Al Quds rocket.

* On June 9, 2007, in a failed assault on an IDF position at the Kissufim crossing between Gaza and Israel in a possible attempt to kidnap IDF soldiers, 4 armed members of the al-Quds Brigades - the military wing of Islamic Jihad - and the Al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades - the military wing of Fatah -, used a vehicle marked with "TV" and "PRESS" insignias penetrated the border fence and assaulted a guard tower in what Islamic Jihad and the army said was a failed attempt to capture an Israeli soldier. [ [http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?c=JPArticle&cid=1181228588087&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull Press slams gunmen for using TV jeep | Jerusalem Post ] ] IDF troops killed one militant, while the others escaped.The use of a vehicle that resembled a press vehicle evoked a sharp response from many journalists and news organizations. Middle East director for Human Rights Watch, Sarah Leah Whitsonn responded by saying,

“Using a vehicle with press markings to carry out a military attack is a serious violation of the laws of war, and it also puts journalists at risk.” [ [http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/06/13/isrlpa16156.htm Gaza: Armed Palestinian Groups Commit Grave Crimes (Human Rights Watch, 13-6-2007) ] ]

The FPA responded by saying,

"Armored vehicles marked with TV are an invaluable protection for genuine journalists working in hostile environments. The FPA has long campaigned for the continued availability of armored vehicles for its members, despite official opposition in some quarters. The abuse of this recognized protection for the working journalist is a grave development and we condemn those that carried it out. Such an incident will reduce the protection offered by marked vehicles." [ [http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?c=JPArticle&cid=1181228588087&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull Press slams gunmen for using TV jeep | Jerusalem Post ] ]

During a press conference, an Islamic Jihad spokesperson Abu Ahmed denied that they had put press markings on the jeep used in the attack and said,

"The Al-Quds Brigades used an armoured jeep resembling military armoured jeeps used by the Zionist intelligence services." [ [http://www.newssafety.com/hotspots/countries/gaza/afp/gaza100607.htm Journalists slam use of 'press vehicle' by Gaza militants ] ]

* See also Palestinian domestic weapons production

Notable members

*Sheikh Abdullah Ramadan Shallah - founder, and current Secretary-General, lives in Damascus
*Fathi Shaqaqi - founder, assassinated
*Mahmoud Tawalbe - senior leader of Islamic Jihad In Jenin, killed during Operation Defensive Shield by IDF Caterpillar D9
*Mahmoud Seader - leader in Hebron
*Hanadi Jaradat - female suicide bomber, committed Maxim restaurant suicide bombing
*Tamer Khuweir - a 15-year-old child suicide bomber [ [http://www.americanintifada.com/2004/3/3-30-3.htm Brother slams Palestinian militants for luring teenager into suicide mission] ]
*Mohammed Dadouh - senior commander in Gaza, assassinated by Israeli missile, 21 May 2006
*Mahmoud al-Majzoub - member of the Shura Council, killed by car bomb, May 26, 2006
*Husam Jaradat - senior commander in Jenin, cousin of Hanadi Jaradat. Assassinated in the Jenin refugee quarters on August 30, 2006. [ [http://www.stockholmsfria.nu/artikel/7274 SFT: Samtal med en terrorist] ]
*Ayman al-Fayed - senior commander of Gaza Strip, assassinated with most of his family in a blast in the Bureij refugee camp on February 16, 2008. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7247983.stm Blast kills senior Gaza militant] "BBC News"]

Notes

ee also

*List of Palestinian Islamic Jihad suicide attacks
*Hamas
*Israeli-Palestinian conflict
*Palestinian political violence
*Policide
*Female suicide bomber
*Child suicide bombers in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

External links

* [http://www.ict.org.il/inter_ter/orgdet.cfm?orgid=28 Institute for Counter-terrorism]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/middle_east/israel_and_the_palestinians/profiles/1005081.stm BBC: Israel and the Palestinians]
* [http://www.hrw.org/press/2001/11/jihad1108.htm PIJ] at Human Rights Watch
* [http://www.upi.com/InternationalIntelligence/view.php?StoryID=20051205-034143-4308r Quartet to Syria: Block 'Jihad'] December 5, 2005
* [http://www.qudsway.com/ Palestinian Islamic Jihad Website]
* [http://www.adl.org/terrorism/symbols/palestinian_islamic_jihad.asp International Terrorist Symbols Database: Palestinian Islamic Jihad] at the Anti-Defamation League