- Tharapita
Tharapita or Taarapita or Taara is a god of war in
Estonian mythology .The
Chronicle of Henry of Livonia mentions Tharapita as the superior god ofOesel ians (inhabitants ofSaaremaa island), also well known toVironian tribes in northernEstonia . According to the chronicle, when the crusaders invaded Vironia in1220 , there was a beautiful wooded hill in Vironia, where locals believe Oeselian god Tharapita was born and from which he flew to Saaremaa. The hill is believed to be the Ebavere Hill ("Ebavere mägi") in modernLääne-Viru County .The name Taarapita has been interpreted as "Thor, help!" ("Taara a(v)ita" in Estonian) and associated with the Scandinavian god
Thor . Other interpretations are "Thor the Thunderbolt" ("Taara pikne") or "Thor (is) great" ("Taara (on) vägev"). 19th century creators of Estonian pseudomythology made Taara the supreme god of the Estonian pantheon. However, Taara is rarely mentioned in extant Estonian folklore.Tharapitha also inspired an Estonian
neopagan movement, known as "taaralased" or "taarausulised". In the middle of the 19th century, Taara became popular in the national movement, as an anti-German and anti-Lutheran symbol. From that period, Estonia's second-biggest cityTartu was poetically called "Taaralinn" ("city of Taara").Taara was known by the Tavastian tribe of Finland. An old cult place now known as Laurin Lähde (Lauri's Fountain) in the county of Janakkala. Tavastians worshipped Taara there as late as the 18th century and the church had to close the place.
Tharapita may have been known among the Slavs of the island of
Rügen , where Danish crusaders destroyed a pagan idol named "Turupit" in1168 . The story of Taara's flight from Vironia to Saaremaa has been associated with a majormeteor disaster that formed LakeKaali in Saaremaa. One proponent of theories about the meteor and its consequences wasLennart Meri , the president of Estonia from 1992 to 2001, who wrote several books about the subject. However, studies of the Kaali meteorite site have not confirmed the meteor event was recent enough to be preserved in the folklore.Variations similar to the name "Thor" are known to many peoples who speak
Finno-Ugric languages . TheKhants have a god named "Torum", the Samis have "Turms", and theSamoyed s have "Tere". Finnish bishopMikael Agricola mentions in1551 a war god called "Turisas", although this is more likely to refer to Thurisas; the Finns had also a god of harvest, luck and success calledTuuri . These deities are associated with the hypotheticalproto-Finno-Ugric -language word meaning "high".Worship of Thor ("Tooru" in Estonian) was common in Western Estonia. According to several medieval chronicles, Estonians did not work on Thursdays (days of Thor) and Thursday nights were called "evenings of "Tooru". Some sources say Estonians used to gather in holy woods ("Hiis") on Thursday evenings, where a
bagpipe player sat on a stone and played while people danced and sang until the dawn.See also
Thor External links
* [http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol26/sutrop.pdf Taarapita – the Great God of the Oeselians. Article by Urmas Sutrop]
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.