Galena and Southern Wisconsin Railroad

The Galena and Southern Wisconsin Railroad Company (G&SWRR) existed as a functioning narrow gauge railroad from 1874 to 1880, when it was bought by the Chicago and North Western Railway. Originally it was a narrow gauge railroad with connections between Galena, Illinois and Platteville, Wisconsin, with later additions reaching up to Woodman on the Wisconsin River. After the C&NW buyout of the line the three foot narrow gauge was changed to standard gauge of four feet, eight and one-half inches in 1882. The rails between Galena and Benton, Wisconsin were torn out sometime in the 1940s. The line continued to run between Benton and Platteville until a few decades later when those rails were also torn out. Only a few of the structures that served as stations and depots for the G&SWRR exist today. In Cuba City a caboose and a few items from the C&NW days are on display.

As for the railroad itself, a Galena Gazette story dated April 9th, 1874 indicates that the first of two engines was delivered. It was named the "Platteville" and numbered as #1. The description tells that the "Platteville" had 35,000 W.W.O., 6 drivers 3 feet in diameter and one pony truck in front. This would indicate a Mogul type of engine, 2-6-0 which had a similar driver and truck set up. Furthermore, the "Platteville" had 11" by 16" cylinders and tender water tank capacity of 1,100 gallons. The tender had two-four wheel trucks. It was estimated to draw 800 tons on a level grade and at 75 feet to the mile, 100 tons.

The "Platteville" narrow gauge locomotive was manufactured in Connellsville, Pennsylvania at the National Locomotive Works. [http://www.fay-west.com/connellsville/historic/images/page22.php] It cost $7,000 and would be used in the extension and construction of the line to Platteville, WI, which would eventually be completed on New Year's Day, 1875. The article also mentions a second locomotive, The "Galena", which would be delivered sometime in September, 1874.

One interesting story from 6 November, 1874 mentions an accident that involved the "Platteville" locomotive. "Mr. Geo W. Mortimer from the Steam Engine Works at Connellsville, Pa. where the "Platteville" was made" was slightly injured in a minor steam escape as he was overhauling the boiler.

Unlike The "Platteville" locomotive, The "Galena" was a 4-4-0 American-type engine. The "Galena" had 44' drivers and a similar tender to that of the "Platteville" but which could hold 1,000 gallons of water, (100 less than the "Platteville"'s tender) yet still more than enough for the 31 mile trip along the full length of the line, and the locomotive appears to have had similar traction power.

The rolling stock of the G&SWRR came mostly from the Litchfield Car Works, originally in Litchfield, IL. In 1889 this company moved to Mount Vernon, Illinois and changed its name to the Mount Vernon Car Company. but earlier had built rolling stock for several railroads, such as the Gulf, California and Santa Fe Railway. [http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/712/files/022604.pdf]

The Galena Gazette article of November 27, 1874 mentions a passenger car costing $1,500 being the first such added to the line. By this time the line reached well into Wisconsin, as far up as Cuba City, and passenger service was vital to the operation of the G&SWRR. The passenger car is 40 feet long, and 10 feet are dedicated to baggage, express & post office use, while 28 seats in the passenger compartment are for the many people who would ride the line. There was a report of a minor incident involving the passenger coach in which it left the tracks near the tunnel close to Buncombe P.O. and sustained a few scratches, but was quickly returned to service.

A "comfortable caboose" was also added for freight service. Most of the freight service seems to have been mainly livestock, although Wisconsin cheese and dairy as well as lead and zinc mined in the region would have been an important source of income. There are also mentions in the Galena Gazette of "hay, flour" and other goods being transported along the line. With connections to the Illinois Central in Galena, local goods reached Chicago and points beyond.

Officially the G&SWRR ceased to exist as an independent railroad in early April, 1880 when the Chicago & Northwestern bought out the company. Many of the narrow gauge and smaller railroads in the area were also bought out by the C&NW as well as other growing major railroad companies at the time. A Galena Gazette article dated 19 May, 1882 tells of the widening of the 400' Buncombe Tunnel on the border between Illinois and Wisconsin, near Buncombe P.O., to change the entire road to the standard gauge rails used by the C&NW. The old right-of-way, now abandoned, can still be seen in some places, tracing what was once a small but prosperous locally owned and operated rail road empire stretching between Galena, IL, and Platteville as well as Montfort, WI. However, the fate of the "Platteville" and the "Galena" locomotives remains yet to be discovered.

There is a short tunnel near where the old Buncombe depot once stood that was built and used by the G&SWRR.

References

The Galena Gazette, 1872 to 1882, courtesy of the Alfred Mueller Historical Collection room at the Galena Public Library [http://www.galenalibrary.org/] , Galena, Illinois.