Triaenonychidae

Taxobox


image_caption = "Fumontana deprehendor"
image_width = 250px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Arachnida
ordo = Opiliones
subordo = Laniatores
superfamilia = Triaenonychioidea
familia = Triaenonychidae
familia_authority = Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886
diversity_link = List of Triaenonychidae species
diversity = c. 120 genera, > 440 species
subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
subdivision =
Triaenonychinae

Kaolinonychinae

Nippononychinae

Paranonychinae

Sclerobuninae

Soerensenellinae

The Triaenonychidae are a family of harvestman with about 120 genera and more than 440 described species.

Description

Most Triaenonychidae are from three to five millimeters long, although some species from South Africa can be only one millimeter long. Some species in the subfamily Adaeinae are almost one centimeter long. Legs are almost always short, measuring from four to twelve mm. The armed pedipalps are large, and much stronger than the legs.aut|Kury, Adriano B. (2007): Triaenonychidae Sørensen, 1886. In: Pinto-da-Rocha "et al." 2007: 239ff]

Distribution

Triaenonychidae are found in North and South America, Japan and Korea, Australia and New Zealand, and Madagascar.

Relationships

The Triaenonychidae should probably split into at least two families. The genera from the Australian region are considered Triaenonychidae "sensu stricto", and may include the strange Synthetonychiidae; the northern species should be grouped with Travuniidae.

Name

The name of the type genus "Triaenonyx" is combined from Ancient Greek "triaina" "trident, fish spear" and "onyx" "claw".

Genera

* Triaenonychinae Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886:* Triaenonychini Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886::* "Acumontia" Loman, 1898::* "Allonuncia" Hickman, 1958::* "Amatola" Lawrence, 1931::* "Ankaratrix" Lawrence, 1959::* "Ankylonuncia" Hickman, 1958::* "Antongila" Roewer, 1931::* "Austromontia" Lawrence, 1931::* "Austronuncia" Lawrence, 1931::* "Bezavonia" Roewer, 1949::* "Biacumontia" Lawrence, 1931::* "Brasiloctis" Mello-Leitão, 1938::* "Breviacantha" Kauri, 1954::* "Bryonuncia" Hickman, 1958::* "Callihamina" Roewer, 1942::* "Callihamus" Roewer, 1931::* "Calliuncus" Roewer, 1931::* "Ceratomontia" Roewer, 1915::* "Cluniella" Forster, 1955::* "Decarynella" Fage, 1945::* "Diaenobunus" Roewer, 1914::* "Diasia" Sørensen, 1902::* "Equitius" Simon, 1880::* "Graemontia" Lawrence, 1931::* "Gunvoria" Kauri, 1961::* "Hedwiga" Roewer, 1931::* "Hendea" Roewer, 1931::* "Hendeola" Forster, 1954::* "Heteronuncia" Roewer, 1920::* "Hickmanoxyomma" G.S. Hunt, 1990::* "Holonuncia" Forster, 1955::* "Hovanuncia" Lawrence, 1959::* "Ivohibea" Lawrence, 1959::* "Lawrencella" Strand, 1932::* "Leionuncia" Hickman, 1958::* "Lispomontia" Lawrence, 1937::* "Lizamontia" Kury, 2004 South Africa::* "Lomanella" Pocock, 1903::* "Mensamontia" Lawrence, 1931::* "Metanuncia" Roewer, 1914::* "Micromontia" Lawrence, 1939::* "Millomontia" Lawrence, 1959::* "Millotonyx" Lawrence, 1959::* "Monomontia" Lawrence, 1931::* "Nahuelonyx" E.A. Maury, 1988::* "Neonuncia" Roewer, 1914::* "Notonuncia" Hickman, 1958::* "Nucina" Hickman, 1958::* "Nuncia" Loman, 1902::* "Nunciella" Roewer, 1929::* "Nuncioides" Hickman, 1958::* "Odontonuncia" Hickman, 1958::* "Paramontia" Lawrence, 1934::* "Paranuncia" Roewer, 1914::* "Parattahia" Roewer, 1914::* "Paulianyx" Lawrence, 1959::* "Perthacantha" Roewer, 1931::* "Planimontia" Kauri, 1961::* "Prasma" Roewer, 1931::* "Prasmiola" Forster, 1954::* "Promecostethus" Enderlein, 1909::* "Psalenoba" Roewer, 1931::* "Rhynchobunus" Hickman, 1958::* "Roewerania" Lawrence, 1934::* "Rostromontia" Lawrence, 1931::* "Speleomontia" Lawrence, 1931::* "Stylonuncia" Hickman, 1958::* "Tasmanonyx" Hickman, 1958::* "Triaenomontia" Roewer, 1914::* "Triaenonychoides" H. Soares, 1968::* "Triaenonyx" Sørensen, in L.Koch 1886::* "Triconobunus" Roewer, 1914::* "Valdivionyx" E.A. Maury, 1988::* "Yatala" Roewer, 1942::* "Conoculus" Forster, 1949::* "Yulella" Lawrence, 1939:* Adaeini Pocock, 1902::* "Adaeulum" Roewer, 1914::* "Adaeum" Karsch, 1880::* "Cryptadaeum" Lawrence, 1931::* "Heteradaeum" Lawrence, 1963::* "Larifuga" Loman, 1898::* "Larifugella" Lawrence, 1933::* "Micradaeum" Lawrence, 1931::* "Montadaeum" Lawrence, 1931::* "Paradaeum" Lawrence, 1931::* "Triregia" Forster, 1948:* Triaenobunini Pocock, 1902::* "Pyenganella" Hickman, 1958::* "Tasmanonuncia" Hickman, 1958::* "Thelbunus" Hickman, 1958::* "Triaenobunus" Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886::* "Dingupa" Forster, 1952::* "Algidia" Hogg, 1920::* "Allobunus" Hickman, 1958::* "Americobunus" Muñoz-Cuevas, 1972::* "Araucanobunus" Muñoz-Cuevas, 1973::* "Cenefia" Roewer, 1931::* "Chilobunus" Hickman, 1958::* "Chrestobunus" Roewer, 1914::* "Dipristes" Roewer, 1931::* "Eubunus" Hickman, 1958::* "Glyptobunus" Roewer, 1914::* "Mestonia" Hickman, 1958::* "Miobunus" Roewer, 1915::* "Muscicola" Forster, 1954::* "Phanerobunus" Roewer, 1915::* "Phoxobunus" Hickman, 1958::* "Pristobunus" Roewer, 1931:* "incertae sedis"::* "Fumontana" Shear, 1977::* "Picunchenops" E.A. Maury, 1988

* Kaolinonychinae Suzuki, 1975:* "Kaolinonychus" Suzuki, 1975:* "Mutsunonychus" Suzuki, 1976

* Nippononychinae Suzuki, 1975:* "Nippononychus" Suzuki, 1975:* "Metanippononychus" Suzuki, 1975:* "Izunonychus" Suzuki, 1975

* Paranonychinae Briggs, 1971b:* "Kainonychus" Suzuki, 1975:* "Metanonychus" Briggs, 1971b:* "Paranonychus" Briggs, 1971

* Sclerobuninae Dumitrescu, 1976:* "Cyptobunus" Banks, 1905:* "Sclerobunus" Banks, 1893:* "Zuma" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942

* Soerensenellinae Forster, 1954:* "Karamea" Forster, 1954:* "Soerensenella" Pocock, 1903

Footnotes

References

*'s Biology Catalog: [http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Triaenonychidae.txt Triaenonychidae]
* (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. "Harvard University Press" ISBN 0-674-02343-9