Phalangodidae

Phalangodidae

Taxobox



image_caption = "Bishopella laciniosa"
image_width = 250px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Arachnida
ordo = Opiliones
subordo = Laniatores
infraordo = Grassatores
superfamilia = Phalangodoidea
familia = Phalangodidae
familia_authority = Simon, 1879
subdivision_ranks = Genera
subdivision = See text for list.
synonyms =Paralolidae Kratochvíl, 1958
Lolinae Kratochvíl, 1958

The Phalangodidae are a family of harvestman with about 20 genera and more than 100 described species, distributed in the Holarctic Region.

It is not to be confused with the harvestman family Phalangiidae, which is in the suborder Eupnoi.

Name

The name of the type genus "Phalangodes" is derived from Ancient Greek "phalanx", a line of soldiers in formation. This probably refers to the rows of pedipalpal spines.aut|Ubick, Darrell (2007): Phalangodidae Simon, 1879. In: Pinto-da-Rocha "et al." 2007: 217ff]

Description

Body length ranges from less than one to about three millimeter. The pedipalps are armed with large spines. While some species have short legs (about twice the body length), others have legs eight times the body length. Most species are yellowish to orange brown. Cave-dwelling species are depigmented.

Distribution

More than two thirds of the species occur in the western Nearctic, especially in California with about 50 species in four endemic genera. About ten species are known from the eastern Nearctic. Few occur in the Palearctic, with one species each in the Canary Islands and Japan, and about 20 species in the Mediterranean.

Relationships

The family seems to be largely monophyletic, with the exceptions of a few genera like "Guerrobunus" and "Glennhuntia". Although the relationship of Phalangodidae to other Grassatores is curretly unresolved, at seems that the family is relatively basal inside the Grassatores.

Genera

For a list of all currently described species, see the List of Phalangodidae species.

* "Ausobskya" Martens, 1972Greece (4 species)
* "Banksula" Roewer, 1949California (10 species)
* "Bishopella" Roewer, 1927 — southeastern US (2 species)
* "Calicina" Ubick & Briggs, 1989 — California (25 species)
* "Crosbyella" Roewer, 1927 — southeastern US (5 species)
* "Glennhuntia" Shear, 2001 — western Australia (1 species) "(probably misplaced)"
* "Guerrobunus" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1945Mexico (3 species) "(probably misplaced)"
* "Haasus" Roewer, 1949 — ( species)
* "Lola" Kratochvíl, 1937 — Israel (1 species)
* "Maiorerus" Rambla, 1993Canary Islands (1 species)
* "Microcina" Briggs & Ubick, 1989 — California (6 species)
* "Paralola" Kratochvíl, Balat & Pelikan, 1958 — Bulgaria (1 species)
* "Phalangodes" Tellkampf, 1844 — Kentucky, Cuba? (2 species) ("1 species possibly misplaced")
* "Phalangomma" Roewer, 1949 — Virginia (1 species) "(probably misplaced)"
* "Proscotolemon" Roewer, 1916Japan (1 species)
* "Ptychosoma" Sørensen, 1873 — Spain, Italy, North Africa (2 species)
* "Scotolemon" Lucas, 1860 — Mediterranean (13 species)
* "Sitalcina" Banks, 1911 — California (9 species)
* "Texella" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942 — Texas, California, Oregon, New Mexico (28 species)
* "Tolus" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942Tennessee (1 species)
* "Undulus" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942Alabama (1 species)
* "Wespus" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942Arkansas (1 species)

Footnotes

References

*'s Biology Catalog: [http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Phalangodidae.txt Phalangodidae]
* (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. "Harvard University Press" ISBN 0-674-02343-9


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