WWIV

The WWIV Bulletin Board System was among the most popular dialup computer bulletin board software during the late 1980s through the mid-1990s. The modifiable source code allowed a sysop to customize the main BBS program for their particular needs and aesthetics. WWIV also allowed tens of thousands of BBSes to link together, forming a world-wide proprietary networking system, the WWIVnet, much like FidoNet but with fewer problems related to forum management.

Origins

WWIV started out in early 1984 as a single BBS in Los Angeles, CA, run by Wayne Bell, who wrote the original 1.0 version in BASIC. Bell wrote WWIV as a high school programing project, and shared the software with 25 of his friends, many of whom had become disgusted with FidoNet and some of the FIDOnet sysops in their geographical region. This naturally attracted the interest of various other potential SysOps across the country, who obtained copies of the source to modify and run for their own boards.

As the popularity of WWIV spread in the mid-80's, for practical reasons Bell switched to Pascal - specifically Borland's Turbo Pascal 2.0 - creating a compiled version of the BBS but distributing the source code for it to anyone who was interested in their own BBS. This encouraged sysops to develop new features for WWIV and these ideas were released as "Mods" that others could add to their own copies. There are many professional "C" programmers who got their start poring over WWIV source code.

Shortly after releasing the 2.0 version, Borland updated the compiler to the 3.0 and 3.1 versions, which saw WWIV revised numerically to reflect the compiler versions. One of Turbo Pascal's strong features was the ability to easily "chain" sub-programs and external modules into memory only as required; when the average available RAM for a program to load and run is only ~384KB, this became a very important feature. "Chaining" allowed for online games and other utilities to be used with WWIV without having to add the new source code for the game and then recompiling the entire BBS again. These programs - referred to as "Chains" or "Doors" - became very popular.

The Switch To C++

After Borland released Turbo Pascal 4.0 and changed the very structure of how compiled programs behaved - which made "chained" sub-programs such as the popular game Trade Wars II and Geopolitik impossible to run - Bell switched to Borland C++, which allowed for remote shell operations and easy porting of the old games and utilities written for the Pascal versions. Until Version 5.x WWIV was written in C. For the open source release of WWIV was converted to C++.

Bell also modified the base source so that multiple instances of the BBS could be running on the same system, with nonconflicting access to the various user databases. This was done to not only allow multiple-line BBSs to exist using WWIV, but to allow all WWIV sysops to access their own BBS without having to wait for a user to log off and/or be rude and kick them off. One other side-effect of the multi-line capability was that IBM's OS/2 - specifically the WARP version - became a popular choice for some WWIV sysops, as the default two instance configuration could easily run under the most basic OS/2 system with ease. In the BBS world, WWIV was referred to sometimes as the "only killer app for OS/2, and it wasn't even written for it!".Fact|date=October 2007 WWIV did run well even in Microsoft Windows, though -- often better than Windows-native BBSs -- because DOS applications ran preemptively, even with Windows 3.1. WWIV also ran well under Quarterdesk's DESQview and DESQVIEW/X multitasking shells

The switch to C also allowed for Bell to implement a rather flexible BBS network, allowing all WWIV boards to link to each other. Bell also took the opportunity to try and make some small amount of money back for his efforts. Starting with the C version, those who paid a registration fee, as high as $80 in 1994, received copies of the source code to modify and recompile. The ability to modify WWIV as a sysop saw fit was one of its selling points - something that RBBS, Opus, Genesis, and many of the other BBS programs of the era refused to provide--usually on the basis of the perceived security risk. Nevertheless, source code availability was not lost on the thousands of WWIV sysops, who had begun to regard Bell as a cross between a father figure and a revolutionary. Registration also was required for membership in WWIVNet, which encouraged the growth of alternative WWIV-based networks.

This also generated a subculture of unregistered WWIV boards, which at its peak represented a multiple of the number of officially registered boards, and even passed around pirate copies of the source code, as well as forming their own networks.

The Rise of WWIVnet

Registration also provided permission to link to the main network, WWIVnet, which soon connected thousands of boards together into a network which spanned many nations around the planet. Boards in a WWIV network are identified within the network by a node number. Local e-mail within a board was sent by sending a message to a BBS user's user number (the sysop always being user 1). However, to e-mail a user at another board within a WWIV network, the @ sign would be added (similar to an internet e-mail address), followed by the node number. In the case of WWIVnet, node number 1 was a WWIV BBS named Amber, the BBS ran by Wayne Bell in the South Bay region of Los Angeles County. The e-mail address 1@1 on the WWIVnet belonged to him. The Dragon's Den, another important node of the WWIVnet BBS network (@5252), was operated in Austin, Texas by Wig De Moville (a.k.a. "Filo"), who assumed the position of administering the sales of the WWIV source code.

Wayne Bell wrote and released the "Net30" program which made the joining of WWIV bulletin board systems possible, which was not freely available. WWIVlink was the next WWIV-based BBS network to be created that did not require the member BBS systems to be registered. As versions of WWIV became available that would support WWIV-networking "plugins," there were suddenly dozens of new WWIV networks such as IceNET (run by Jim Nunn in Buffalo, New York), FILEnet (run by Dennis Myers in Richmond, Virginia) and WWIVlink, TerraNET (run by Cris McRae), EliteLink, and TriNet around Washington D.C..

At their peaks, the large WWIV-based networks each had:

* WWIVnet 1700 systems
* IceNET 850 systems
* WWIVlink 675 systems
* TerraNET 470 systems

Gateways to non-WWIV Computer Networks

As the WWIV software continued to be improved, and more third-party software was being developed for the BBS system, new gateways systems were setup. Most notably, WWIVNet-FIDOnet gateways that allowed some interconnectivity between the two traditionally hostile networks. Similar WWIVnet gateways even allowed messages to be sent to and from standard internet email addresses and USENET newsgroups by means of the UUCP protocol.

Thanks to the network implementation, WWIV sysops and their users worldwide became united to one another much in the same way forum communities exist on the Internet today. This cameraderie gave rise to WWIVCons, annual meetings where sysops and users of WWIV boards met in some central, real-life location to share stories, discuss the future of BBSing, and even hang one or two infamous sysops in effigy. It gave everyone a chance to see just what the person on the other side of the screen actually looked like in a day when GUIs and Browsers with tons of pictures available at a click simply hadn't been invented yet.

WWIV vs FIDO: Controversies and BBS Wars

Despite its popularity, WWIV wasn't without its share of controversy. To quite a few non-WWIV sysops, using WWIV was a sign of rebellion against the status quo; in fact, several key FIDOnet administrators were quoted on several occasions that they firmly believed that running a WWIV board meant that you were probably running a "pirate" or "hacker" BBS, and that no WWIV BBS should be allowed access to FIDOnet. This would lead to Bell's creation of WWIVnet in 1988, which at its peak, was the world's largest proprietary BBS network, and while the total number of systems never exceeded 1600, the sheer amount of traffic passed over the network was almost double that of FIDOnet for almost a two year period between 1991 and 1993.

Influences

Due to its popularity, WWIV influenced later BBS programs. VBBS, written by Roland DeGraaf in 1990 using QuickBASIC, contained a WWIV-type interface and networking that was compatible with WWIVnet. Early versions of VBBS listed features such as "WWIV Compatible" and "Can be run as a door from WWIV BBS." Telegard and Renegade BBS packages were heavily based on an older version of WWIV source code, as were countless others. WWIV was ported to the Apple Macintosh by Terry Teague and later a WWIV clone for the Macintosh named Hermes was written by Frank Price.

Current status

Although BBSes have been eclipsed by the World Wide Web and the Internet, WWIV and other popular software still exist and are supported today.
One popular WWIV support site is owned by Frank Reid, who runs [http://bbs.filenet.wwiv.net/ Eagle's Dare BBS] near Washington, DC.

The current 5.0 release has enhanced Internet gateway capabilities, such as telnet accessibility, and other modern features.

WWIV is now owned by Dean Nash aka Trader Jack, his bbs is [telnet://bbs.wwiv.com bbs.wwiv.com]

WWIV uses the synchronet fossil driver and is released under [http://www.apache.org/licenses/ The apache License]

External links

* [http://wwiv.sourceforge.net/ Official WWIV Sourceforge Website]
* [http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=118522 download latest binaries/source]
* [http://bbs.filenet.wwiv.net/ Eagle's Dare (BBS running WWIV) Website]
* [http://wwiv.bbs.us/ @wwiv.bbs.us - Your on-line resource for the WWIV BBS Software]
* [http://bbs.filenet.wwiv.net/ Eagle's Dare BBS] Frank Reid's WWIV support site
* [http://www.watson.org/~robert/star-lit/wwiv/ Porting WWIV 4.23 to FreeBSD UNIX] Experimental port of WWIV to the FreeBSD operating system
* [http://www.textfiles.com/bbs/WWIVNEWS/ WWIVNews archive at Textfiles]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/bbs/ICENEWS/ IceNEWS archive at Textfiles]