Souls of Pe and Nekhen

The Souls of Pe and Nekhen, mentioned first in the Pyramid Texts, [Hart, "op.cit.", 152] refer to the ancestors of the ancient Egyptian kings. Nekhen (Greek Hierakonpolis) was the Upper Egyptian centre of Horus worship, whose successors the Egyptian pharaohs were thought to be. Pe (Greek Buto) was a Lower Egyptian town, not known for its Horus worship, [Frankfort, "op.cit.", pp.93ff.] but Re had awarded the town to Horus after his eye was injured in the struggle for the throne of Egypt. [Hart, "op.cit.", p.153]

The approbation of their predecessors, even as mythological and nameless as the "Souls of Pe and Nekhen", was important to the Egyptian kings, who referred to them in many inscriptions. Even the Kushite pharaohs saw themselves as descendants of the Souls of Pe and Nekhen. [Török, "op.cit.", p.296]

It appears that the "Souls of Heliopolis" comprised the Souls of Pe and Nekhen. [Frankfort, "op.cit.", p.94]

References

* Henri A. Frankfort," Kingship and the Gods", University of Chicago Press 1978
* László Török, "The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meriotic Civilization", Brill 1997
* George Hart, "The Routledge Dictionary Of Egyptian Gods And Goddesses", Routledge 2005

Footnotes