Warder Clyde Allee

Infobox scientist
name = Dr. Warder Clyde Allee

---

image_size = 150px
birth_date = June 5, 1885
birth_place =
nationality = United States
field = Zoology
work_institutions = University of Florida
alma_mater = University of Chicago
University of Illinois
doctoral_advisor =
doctoral_students =
known_for = His research on animal behavior, protocooperation, and for identifying the Allee effect
prizes =

Warder Clyde Allee (June 5, 1885–March 18, 1955) was an American zoologist and ecologist who taught animal ecology. He is best known for his research on animal behavior, protocooperation, and for identifying the Allee effect.

Allee was born in Bloomingdale, Indiana. He received the S.B. degree from Earlham College in 1908, and the S.M. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Chicago in 1910 and 1912. Allee worked as an Assistant in Zoology from 1910 to 1912. Between 1912 and 1921 he taught at the University of Illinois, Williams College, University of Oklahoma, Lake Forest College, and the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. He returned to the University of Chicago in 1921 as Associate Professor of Zoology, became an Assistant Professor in 1923, and Professor in 1928. In addition, he served as Dean in the College of Arts, Literature, and Science (1924-1926) and Secretary of the Department of Zoology (1927-1934). Upon retirement in 1950, he moved to the University of Florida at Gainesville, where he was Head Professor of Biology until his death in March 1955.

Allee was a principal figure in the establishment of ecology as an independent biological subscience. His own work centered on experimental studies of animal aggregations, and the phenomena of subordinance-dominance relationships and cooperation. Allee was interested in applying his work on animal sociology to human conditions, particularly his findings that many species of both lower and higher forms exhibit cooperative tendencies, that individuals in groups have a higher survival rate than those living alone, and that conscious and unconscious cooperative tendencies counterbalance the "peck orders" established by aggression.

A spinal tumor caused paralysis which caused Allee to be confined to a wheelchair after 1935. He nevertheless maintained a full schedule of teaching, research and writing. Allee continued to spend summers at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, and served as a trustee from 1932 to 1955. Having been on the editorial board of Physiological Zoology, a journal published by the University of Chicago Press, since its founding in 1928, Allee took over as managing editor in 1937 and remained in that position until his death. He also chaired the Committee on the Ecology of Animal Populations of the National Research Council which was established in 1941 to solicit and administer funds for research projects in the field.

Besides articles and research monographs, Allee wrote a number of books, including "Animal Aggregations: A Study in General Sociology" (1931), "Animal Life and Social Growth" (1932), "The Social Life of Animals" (1938), "Principles of Animal Ecology", co-authored by Alfred E. Emerson, Orlando Park, Thomas Park, and Karl P. Schmidt (1949), and "Cooperation among Animals, with Human Implications" (1951).

The Animal Behavior Society offers the W.C. Allee Award for the best presentation of an ethological work of research by a student in a juried competition held at their annual meeting.

Allee died in Gainesville, Florida, aged 69, in 1955.

ee also

*Population density

Bibliography

*Allee, W. C. (1931). "Animal Aggregations. A study in General Sociology." University of Chicago Press, Chicago. ISBN 0-404-14501-9
*Allee, W. C. (1949). " [http://chla.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=chla;idno=3110087 Principles of Animal Ecology] ". W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. ISBN 0-7216-1120-6
* Alfred E. Emerson, Thomas Park: "Warder Clyde Allee: Ecologist and Ethologist." Science vol. 121, No. 3150 (May 13, 1955) , p. 686-687 (obituary)

External links

* [http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/chronob/ALLE1885.htm Biographical sketch]
* [http://maps.uchicago.edu/northwest/allee.html WC Allee Laboratory of Animal Behavior] Biopsychological Research Building at the University of Chicago
* [http://ead.lib.uchicago.edu/view.xqy?id=ICU.SPCL.ALLEE Warder Clyde Allee Papers at the University of Chicago Library]