MICZYŃSKI, SEBASTIAN° — (late 16th–early 17th century), anti Jewish agitator and professor of philosophy at Cracow University. In 1618 Miczyński published a venomous antisemitic lampoon entitled Zwierciadło korony polskiej ( The Mirror of the Polish Crown ). It is a… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
POLAND — POLAND, republic in E. Central Europe; the kingdom of Poland and the grand duchy of Lithuania united formally (Poland Lithuania) in 1569. This article is arranged according to the following outline: the early settlements jewish legal status… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
POPPER BOZIAN, WOLF — (d. 1625), merchant and banker in Cracow. His father, Israel Gershon ha Kohen, was from checiny ; and his wife, Cyrl, was the daughter of Judah Lewek landau , one of the heads of the Jewish community in Kazimierz. Popper Bozian engaged in import … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Mirror of the Polish Crown — (Polish: Zwierciadło Korony Polskiej) (full title Mirror of the Polish Crown expressing the profound insults and great anxieties it receives from the Jews) is an antisemitic pamphlet published in 1618 by Sebastian Miczyński, professor of… … Wikipedia
BROKERS — The large variety of commercial intermediaries and agents to which this term refers, in both medieval and modern times, generally included a substantial proportion of Jews. They were particularly numerous at fairs and in ports which were centers… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
CRACOW — (Pol. Kraków; Heb. קראקא, קרקא, קראקוב), city in S. Poland (within the historic region lesser poland (Malopolska); in western galicia under Austria). Cracow was the residence of the leading Polish princes during the 12th century, and later became … Encyclopedia of Judaism
FUR TRADE AND INDUSTRY — Jews arrived at the fur trade and industry through their commerce between the Mediterranean littoral and Continental Europe, in particular Eastern Europe. Their active participation in the central European fairs enabled them to play an important… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
JEKELES — JEKELES, widespread family of businessmen known from the end of the 16th century in cracow kazimierz . Its name is derived from the sobriquet of its founder JACOB (= Jekele) BOGATY ( the rich ), son of Moses Eberłs. Jekele, a merchant and banker… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
