Boris and Gleb

Infobox Saint
name=Saints Boris and Gleb
birth_date=
death_date=1015-1019
feast_day=July 24 (Martyrdom)
May 3 (Translation of Relics)
venerated_in=Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Catholic Churches


imagesize=
caption=Medieval Russian icon of SS. Boris and Gleb
(14th century, State Russian Museum)
birth_place=
death_place=
titles=Passion-bearers
beatified_date=
beatified_place=
beatified_by=
canonized_date=1071
canonized_place=
canonized_by=
attributes=Two young princes, holding swords or spears, or the cross of martyrs
patronage=
major_shrine=Vyshhorod
suppressed_date=
issues=:"There are other people known as Saint David and Saint Roman."

Boris and Gleb (Russian: Борис и Глеб; Ukrainian: Борис і Гліб, "Borys and Gleb"), Christian names "David" and "Roman", respectively, were the first saints canonized in Kievan Rus' after the christianization of the country.

According to the two 11th century "Lives of Boris and Gleb" (ascribed to Nestor the Chronicler and Jacob the Monk), they were children of Vladimir the Great, who liked them more than his other children. Both were murdered during the internecine wars of 1015-1019 and glorified (canonized) by the Orthodox church in Rus' in 1071. They were interred at the Vyshhorod Cathedral, which was reconsecrated in their name; many other Ukrainian and Russian churches were later named after them. Their feast day is observed on July 24 (August 6).

The Primary Chronicle says that their mother was a Bulgarian woman. Most modern scholars, however, argue that Boris and Gleb had different mothers, and were of different age. Boris, who had been already married and ruled the town of Rostov, was probably regarded as heir apparent to the Kievan throne. Gleb, who was still a minor, ruled the easternmost town of Murom.

The Primary Chronicle blamed Sviatopolk the Accursed for plotting their assassination. Boris and his manservant were stabbed to death when sleeping in a tent. The prince was discovered still breathing when his body was being transported in a bag to Kiev, but the Varangians put him from his misery with the thrust of a lance.

Gleb was assassinated, on the way to see his dying father, by his own cook who cut his throat with a kitchen knife and concealed his body in a brushwood. The "Life" contains many picturesque details of Boris and Gleb's last hours, such as their sister's warning about the murderous plans of Sviatopolk.

The "Life"'s narrative is a masterpiece of hagiography, which unites numerous literary traditions. Actual circumstances of Boris and Gleb's life and death cannot be extrapolated from their hagiography. Perhaps the crucial evidence comes from several unbiased foreign sources which mention that Boris succeeded his father in Kiev, and was not lurking in Rostov as the Russian Primary Chronicle seems to imply.

Moreover, the Norse Eymund's saga tells a story of the Varangian warriors who were hired by Yaroslav I the Wise to kill his brother "Burizleif". Some historians trusted the saga more than sources from Rus', claiming that it was Yaroslav (and not Sviatopolk) who was interested in removing his political rivals and was therefore guilty of his brothers' murder. Others consider "Burizleif" a misreading of Boleslaw, the Polish ruler allied to Sviatopolk.

External links

* [http://www.pravoslavie.ru/arhiv/001218154426 Critical examination of Boris and Gleb's story]
* [http://www.roca.org/OA/76-77/76s.htm Princes Boris and Gleb: Proto-martyrs and Passion-Bearers of Old Russia]
* [http://www.dur.ac.uk/a.k.harrington/borigleb.html Nestor: The Martyrdom of Boris and Gleb]
* [http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102082 Martyrs and Passion-Bearers Boris and Gleb] Orthodox icon and synaxarion for July 24
* [http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=101270 Translation of the relics of the Holy Passionbearer Boris and Gleb] May 2