- Semaun
Semaun (approx. 1899—1971) was the first chairman of the
Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI).Semaun was born in
Pasuruan ,East Java . In 1915 at the age of sixteen, he was elected as one of the firstIndonesia n members of theUnion of Train and Tramway Personnel (VSTP), soon quitting his job as a railway worker to become atrade union activist full-time. Also in 1915 he was elected vice-chairman of theSurabaya office of the Indies Social Democratic Association (ISDP), which was to become the PKI. By 1918 he was a member of the central leadership ofSarekat Islam (SI), then the dominant nationalist political organization in theDutch East Indies .In May 1921, when the Communist Party of Indonesia was founded after the deportation of the Dutch founders of the ISDP, Semaun became its first chairman. The PKI initially was a part of Sarekat Islam, but political differences over the role of
class struggle and ofIslam in nationalism between Semaun's PKI and the rest of SI led to an organizational split by October. At the end of that year he left Indonesia forMoscow , andTan Malaka replaced him as chairman. Upon his return in May 1922, he regained the chairmanship and tried, with limited success, to restore PKI influence over the sprawling SI organization.In 1923 VSTP, the railway union, organized a
general strike . It was soon crushed by the Dutch government, and Semaun was exiled from the Indies. He returned to theSoviet Union , where he was to remain for more than thirty years. He remained involved as a nationalist activist on a limited basis, speaking a few times toPerhimpunan Indonesia , aNetherlands -based organization of Indonesian students. He also studied at theCommunist University of the Toilers of the East for a time.Upon his return to Indonesia after its independence, Semaun moved to
Jakarta , where from 1959 to 1961 he served as a government administrator. He also taught economics atUniversitas Padjadjaran inBandung .References
*Jarvis, Helen (1991). Notes and appendices for Tan Malaka, "From Jail to Jail". Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies.
*Kahin, George McT. (1952) "Nationalism and revolution in Indonesia". Ithaca, New York:Cornell University Press.
*Ricklefs, M.C. (2001) "A history of modern Indonesia since c.1200" 3rd ed. Stanford, California:Stanford University Press.
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