Pale-yellow Robin

Taxobox
name = Pale-yellow Robin


image_caption = subspecies "capito"
status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Passeriformes
familia = Petroicidae
genus = "Tregellasia"
species = "T. capito"
binomial = "Tregellasia capito"
binomial_authority = (Gould, 1852)
synonyms = The Pale-yellow Robin ("Tregellasia capito") is a species of passerine bird in the Petroicidae family. It is endemic to eastern Australia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is a non-descript bird with grey head and olive upperparts, white throat and yellow underparts. The sexes are similar. Two subspecies are recognised; the smaller "nana" from North Queensland and the larger and uncommon nominate race "capito" from southeast Queensland and northeastern New South Wales. It is insectivorous.

Taxonomy

The Pale-yellow Robin was first described by ornithologist John Gould in 1854. [ cite journal |author=Gould J | year =1854| title =Descriptions of new species of "Ptilotis" and "Eopsaltria".| journal = Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.| volume = 19| pages =285] For many years it was classified with the other Yellow Robins in the genus "Eopsaltria", on the basis of plumage, nests and behaviour. Others have placed it with the genus "Poecilodryas" due to the similarly plumaged fledglings. However, the closest relatives of both it and the related White-faced Robin remain unclear and are hence placed in their own small genus "Tregellasia", originally erected by Gregory Mathews in 1912. [ cite journal |author=Mathews GM| year =1912| title =New generic names for Australian birds| journal = Austral Avian Rec| volume = 1| pages =105–17] Like all Australian Robins, it is not closely related to either the European Robin or the American Robin, but belongs rather to the Corvida parvorder comprising many tropical and Australian passerines including pardalotes, Fairy-wrens and honeyeaters as well as crows.

Alternate common names given to the species have been Large-headed Robin and Pale Robin.cite book |title=The Robins and Flycatchers of Australia |last=Boles |first=Walter E.|year=1988 |publisher=Angus & Robertson |location=Sydney |isbn=0-207-15400-7 |pages=p. 161]

ubspecies

*"T. c. capito" is the nominate race from rainforests of northeastern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland. Larger than the northern subspecies, it has a paler off-white face and is uncommon within its range.

*"T. c. nana", described in 1878 as "Eopsaltria nana" by E.B. Ramsay from a specimen collected in Cardwell, has been called the Buff-faced or Rufous-lored Robin and is found in rainforest in far north Queensland. [ cite journal |author=Ramsay EP | year =1878| title =Description of a new species of "Rhipidura" from Torres Straits and of a new species of "Eopsaltria" from the Rockingham Bay district, with remarks on some rare Queensland birds | journal = Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.| volume = 2| pages =371–78] It is smaller than the southern subspecies, and its subspecific name "nana" is Latin for 'dwarf'. It has a pale tan face and a pale orange-brown eye ring, hence its common name. It is fairly abundant within its range.

Description

The male and female Pale-yellow Robin are similar in plumage. Measuring 12-13.5 cm (4¾-5⅓ in) and weighing 15-18 g, it is a bird of subdued appearance with grey head and nape blending into an olive green upperparts, more brownish on the wings and tail. The throat is white and the lores off-white in the southern race and buff in the northern race. The breast and belly are yellow. The legs are yellow-orange and the iris dark brown. The thin black bill is around 1.5 cm (⅔ in) long. Juvenile birds are rufous with paler streaks on the head. it can be distinguished from the Eastern Yellow Robin, as the latter bird has black legs and is a little larger.cite web |url=http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/finder/display.cfm?id=303 |title=Birds in Backyards - Pale-yellow Robin |accessdate=2008-06-03 |publisher=Australian Museum, Sydney |date=2006-11-27]

The Pale-yellow Robin makes a trilling call when displaying or defending its territory.

Distribution and habitat

Sedentary in its range, the Pale-yellow Robin is found from Mount Amos to Paluma in North Queensland, and from Cooloola on the Sunshine Coast south to Barrington Tops National Park in New South Wales. It prefers rainforest or dense eucalypt forest, particularly where the lawyer vine grows.

Behaviour

The Pale-yellow Robin is arboreal and secretive. It is predominantly insectivorous, though may supplement its diet with seeds.

Breeding

It uses the prickly Lawyer Vine ("Calamus muelleri") as nesting material and as a nest site. [Boles, p. 159] The nest may be anywhere up to 10 m (30 ft) above the ground, though often much lower. Breeding season is July to December with one, or sometimes two, broods. A clutch of 2 oval eggs measuring 20 x 15 mm is laid. They are pale green splotched with brownish marks. [cite book | last = Beruldsen | first = G | title = Australian Birds: Their Nests and Eggs | publisher = self | date = 2003 | location = Kenmore Hills, Qld | pages = p. 335 | doi = | isbn = 0-646-42798-9]

ource

* BirdLife International 2004. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/50922/all Tregellasia capito] . [http://www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. ] Downloaded on 27 July 2007.