Edward Hall Alderson

Sir Edward Hall Alderson (baptised 10 September, 1787 - 27 January, 1857) was an English lawyer and judge whose many judgments on commercial law helped to shape the emerging British capitalism of the Victorian era.Hedley (2004)]

He was a Baron of the Exchequer and so held the honorary title Baron Alderson, in print Alderson B.

Early life

Born Great Yarmouth, Alderson was the eldest son of Robert (died 1833), a barrister and recorder, and Elizabeth "née" Hurry who died in 1791. Alderson suffered an unstable childhood, variously living with relatives, unhappily attending Charterhouse School but, more positively, being tutored by Edward Maltby. He was an able student of mathematics and classics at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in 1809 graduating as senior wrangler, Smith's prizeman, and Chancellor's Gold Medallist. He was consequently elected fellow.

A pupil of Joseph Chitty, Alderson was called to the bar in 1811 at the Inner Temple and began work on the northern circuit where he established a substantial practice. He joined with Richard Barnewall as a law reporter from 1817 to 1822. On 26 October 1823 he married Georgina Drewe (died 1871) and the couple had many children.

An early indication of his abilities came in 1825 when he was instructed by opponents of the proposed Liverpool and Manchester Railway, principally the directors of the Bridgewater and Leeds and Liverpool Canals, as their counsel in the committee stage of the private bill needed to establish the railway. Alderson was to cross-examine George Stephenson on his designs for the railway and the surveys on which they were based. Alderson proved an able advocate and Stephenson a poor witness. Stephenson later confessed, "I was not long in the witness box before I began to wish for a hole to creep out at." Largely owing to Alderson's devastating closing speech, the bill was lost, the railway was delayed for several years and Stephenson's early reputation badly damaged. [ cite book | author=Rolt, L.T.C. | year=1960 | title=George and Robert Stephenson: The Railway Revolution | publisher=Penguin | location=London | id=ISBN 0-14-007646-8 | pages=109-112 ]

Judicial career

However, Alderson sought neither the title of a QC nor a seat in Parliament. Despite his lack of the outward trappings of ambition, he was appointed to the Common Law Commission in 1828 and a judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1830, with the attendant knighthood. He became a "Baron" of the Court of Exchequer in 1834 and transferred to the Court of Chancery in 1841. He was an advocate of the plasticity of the common law in adapting to the changing times. According to Hedley, he was popular and jocular, a "clever, analytical, and forthright judge, with little patience for those of lesser abilities".

Personality and family

Though, as a criminal judge at the assizes, he was instrumental in suppressing the Luddites and Chartists, he believed that rehabilitation was the principal goal of sentencing. He was dubious of the effects of deterrence and argued for the limitation of capital punishment, himself seeking to disapply it, by whatever technical means he could creatively devise.

An active member of the Church of England and a close friend of Bishop of London Charles James Blomfield, Alderson supported the Gorham judgment which held that the Church was subject to secular law. He was a noted advocate of affirmation as an alternative to the oath for witnesses but opposed the growing contemporary campaign for secular education. Hedley describes Alderson as a "Conservative... suspicious of the ‘tyranny’ he saw in democracy".

Alderson established homes in London and Lowestoft where he wrote poetry, in English and Latin, and corresponded with his cousin, novelist Amelia Opie.

While sitting at Liverpool assizes in December 1856, he heard of a serious injury to one of his sons and collapsed. He died the following January at his London home from a brain disease. He was buried at St Mary Magdalen's Church, Risby, near Bury St Edmunds.

Alderson's daughter Georgina Charlotte married British statesman, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury in 1857. Salisbury's father, James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury, opposed the marriage owing to Georgina's lack of wealth and social standing. [Grenville, J. A. S. (2001) "Salisbury, Robert Arthur Talbot...." "Encyclopaedia Britannica" Deluxe Edition CD-ROM]

Leading judgments

*"Winterbottom v. Wright" (1842) - Reasserted the traditional doctrine of privity of contract to dismiss a negligence claim for damages by a pedestrian who was injured by a defective vehicle. [ cite book | pages="pp"91-91 | title=Tort Law:Text and Materials | author=Lunney, M. & Oliphant, K. | edition=2nd ed | publisher=Oxford University Press | location =Oxford | year=2003 | id=ISBN 0-19-926055-9 ]
*"Wood v. Peel" (1844) - in a trial to determine the winner of the Derby, Alderson ordered that the purported winner "Running Rein" be produced in court. The horse could not be found and the result of the race was overturned. [ cite book | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jc0kh800jGIC&printsec=titlepage#PRA3-PA350,M1 | title=The Annual Register, or a View of the History and Politics of the Year 1844 | year=1845 | author= Burke, E. | authorurl=Edmund Burke | location=London | publisher=Rivington | pages="pp"350-352 (Google Books)]
*"R v. Griffin" (1853) - Alderson suggested, contrary to precedent but "obiter dicta", that the principle of priest-penitent privilege applied in England. [ cite book | title=Law of Privilege | author=McNicol, S. B. | year=1992 | publisher=Law Book Co. Ltd | location=Sydney | id=ISBN 0-455-21149-3 | pages=324-325 ]
*"Hadley v. Baxendale" (1854) - Defined the scope of contractual damages in English law.
*"Blyth v. Company Proprietors of the Birmingham Water Works" (1856) - Introduced the concept or the reasonable person in setting judicial standards for the appropriate level of care owed to another.

References

Bibliography

* [Anon.] (1857) "Law Times" 31 Jan, "p."255; 7 Feb, "p."266
* cite book | author=Alderson, C. H. | year=1858 | title=Selections From the Charges and Other Detached Papers of Baron Alderson. With an Introductory Notice of His Life | location=London | publisher=John W. Parker & Son
*Hedley, S. (2004) " [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/303 Alderson, Sir Edward Hall (bap. 1787, d. 1857)] ", "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, accessed 22 July 2007 ODNBsub

External links

* [http://www.chartists.net/Lancaster-Trial-1843.htm The trial of Feargus O'Connor and 58 other Chartists - 1843] - a trial at which Alderson was judge