Battle of the Solent

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of the Solent


caption=The "Cowdray engraving" of the battle, c. 1545
partof=the Italian War of 1542
date=18 July, 1545
place= Solent channel, off the south coast of England
result=Inconclusive
combatant1=France
combatant2=England
commander1=Claude d'Annebault
commander2=John Dudley
strength1=30,000 soldiers in more than 200 ships
strength2=12,000 soldiers in 80 ships
casualties1=?
casualties2=about 475 lost in sinking of "Mary Rose"

The naval Battle of the Solent took place on 18 and 19 July, 1545 during the Italian Wars, fought between the fleets of Francis I of France and Henry VIII of England, in the Solent channel off the south coast of England between Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. The engagement was inconclusive and is most notable for the sinking of the English carrack "Mary Rose".

In 1545, King Francis I of France launched an invasion of England with 30,000 soldiers in more than 200 ships. Against this armada — larger than the Spanish Armada forty-three years later — the English had about 80 ships and 12,000 soldiers.

The French expedition started disastrously, the flagship "Carraquon" perishing in an accidental fire at anchor in the Seine on 6 July 1545. Admiral Claude d'Annebault transferred his flag to "La Maistresse" which then ran aground as the fleet set sail. The leaks were patched and the fleet crossed the Channel. The French entered the Solent and landed troops on the Isle of Wight and the Sussex coast. The French invasion force which had landed at the Isle of Wight were defeated, and forced to retreat, by a local militia in the Battle of Bonchurch.

On July 18 1545 the English came out of Portsmouth and engaged the French at long range, little damage being done on either side. "La Maitresse" was on the point of sinking due to the damage she had sustained earlier but although d'Annebault had to change his flagship again she was saved from foundering.

On the night of 18 July King Henry dined aboard "Great Harry", the flagship of Admiral John Dudley, Viscount Lisle.

The next day was calm, and the French employed their galleys against the immobile English vessels. Toward evening a breeze sprang up and as "Mary Rose", the flagship of Vice Admiral Sir George Carew, advanced to battle she capsized and sank with the loss of all but 35 of her crew. It is theorized that her undisciplined crew had neglected to close the lower gunports after firing at the galleys, so that when she heeled in the breeze she filled with water and turned over. The French believed they had sunk her.

The French troops ashore made no progress and returned to France in August.