Written on the Wind

Infobox Film | name = Written on the Wind


image_size= 150px
caption = Original poster by Reynold Brown
director = Douglas Sirk
producer = Albert Zugsmith
writer = George Zuckerman
Based on the novel by Robert Wilder
starring =Rock Hudson
Lauren Bacall
Robert Stack
Dorothy Malone
music = Frank Skinner
Victor Young
cinematography = Russell Metty
editing = Russell F. Schoengarth
distributor = Universal International Pictures
country United States
released = flagicon|USA December 1956
runtime = 99 minutes
language = English
budget =
amg_id = 1:55624
imdb_id = 0049966
preceded_by =
followed_by =

"Written on the Wind" is a 1956 American drama film directed by Douglas Sirk. The screenplay by George Zuckerman was based on Robert Wilder's 1945 novel of the same name, a thinly disguised account of the real-life scandal involving torch singer Libby Holman and her husband, tobacco heir Smith Reynolds. Zuckerman shifted the locale from North Carolina to Texas, made the source of the family wealth oil rather than tobacco, and changed all the character names.

Plot

The plot revolves around self-destructive dipso-nymphomaniac Marylee and her insecure alcoholic brother Kyle, the scions of Texas oil baron Jasper Hadley. Spoiled rotten by their inherited wealth and crippled by their personal demons, neither is capable of maintaining a successful personal relationship.

Problems ensue when Kyle's impulsive marriage to New York City executive secretary Lucy Moore begins to crumble and his childhood friend and Marylee's long-time romantic target, Hadley Oil geologist Mitch Wayne, becomes involved with their problems.

Kyle, diagnosed with a low sperm count, physically lashes out at Lucy when she announces she is pregnant, since he assumes the child was sired by Mitch, who orders Kyle out of the house. Lucy's fall results in a miscarriage, and Mitch promises to leave town with her as soon as she's well enough to travel. A drunken Kyle, armed with a pistol, returns and, when he aims his gun at Mitch, Marylee struggles with him for the weapon. It accidentally fires, killing her brother.

Repeatedly spurned by the man she loves, a spiteful Marylee threatens to implicate Mitch in Kyle's death. At the inquest, she first testifies he killed her sibling, then tearfully redeems herself by admitting the truth. Mitch and Lucy depart, leaving Marylee to mourn the death of her brother and the loss of her one true love.

Production notes

Dorothy Malone, a brunette previously cast in small supporting roles in a long string of B movies, dyed her hair platinum blonde and shed her nice-girl image to portray obsessive Marylee Hadley. Her Oscar-winning performance finally gave her cachet in the film industry.

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Sirk and cinematographer Russell Metty also worked together six times prior to this film. He helped perfect the light and color effects associated with Sirk's greatest films.

Lauren Bacall, whose film career was foundering, accepted the relatively non-flashy role of Lucy Moore at the behest of her husband Humphrey Bogart. At the same time she was shooting "Wind", she was preparing for a television adaptation of Noel Coward's "Blithe Spirit", co-starring Coward and Claudette Colbert. In 2005, she accepted the Frontier Award on behalf of the film from the Austin Film Society, which annually makes inductions into the Texas Film Hall of Fame recognizing actors, directors, screenwriters, filmmakers, and films from, influenced by, or inspired by the Lone Star State.

Stack felt the primary reason he lost the Oscar to Anthony Quinn (whose winning performance in "Lust for Life" was less than ten minutes long) was that 20th Century Fox, who had loaned him to Universal International, organized block voting against him to prevent one of their contract players from winning an acting award while working at another studio [ [http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/title.jsp?stid=96313&atid=52070&category=Articles&titleName=Written%20on%20the%20Wind&menuName=MAIN "Written on the Wind" at Turner Classic Movies] ] .

The title song, written by Sammy Cahn and Victor Young, was sung by The Four Aces during the opening credits.

Principal cast

*Rock Hudson ..... Mitch Wayne
*Lauren Bacall ..... Lucy Moore Hadley
*Robert Stack ..... Kyle Hadley
*Dorothy Malone ..... Marylee Hadley
*Robert Keith ..... Jasper Hadley
*Grant Williams ..... Biff Miley
*Edward Platt ..... Dr. Paul Cochrane

Critical reception

Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" calls it "a perverse and wickedly funny melodrama in which you can find the seeds of "Dallas", "Dynasty", and all the other prime-time soaps. Sirk is the one who established their tone, in which shocking behavior is treated with passionate solemnity, while parody burbles beneath . . . To appreciate a film like "Written on the Wind" probably takes more sophistication than to understand one of Ingmar Bergman's masterpieces, because Bergman's themes are visible and underlined, while with Sirk the style conceals the message. His interiors are wildly over the top, and his exteriors are phony - he wants you to notice the artifice, to see that he's not using realism but an exaggerated Hollywood studio style . . . Films like this are both above and below middle-brow taste. If you only see the surface, it's trashy soap opera. If you can see the style, the absurdity, the exaggeration and the satirical humor, it's subversive of all the 1950s dramas that handled such material solemnly. William Inge and Tennessee Williams were taken with great seriousness during the decade, but Sirk kids their Freudian hysteria." [ [http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19980118/REVIEWS08/401010373/1023 Roger Ebert review] ]

In his review in the "New York Times", Bosley Crowther said, "The trouble with this romantic picture . . . is that nothing really happens, the complications within the characters are never clear and the sloppy, self-pitying fellow at the center of the whole thing is a bore." [ [http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9506EFD61238E73ABC4A52DFB766838C649EDE "New York Times" review] ]

"TV Guide" describes the film as "the ultimate in lush melodrama," "Douglas Sirk's finest directorial effort," and "one of the most notable critiques of the American family ever made." [ [http://www.tvguide.com/movies/written-wind/review/123199 "TV Guide" review] ]

Awards and nominations

*Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress (Malone, winner)
*Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor (Stack, nominee)
*Academy Award for Best Song (nominee)
*Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress (Malone, nominee)

References

External links

* [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0049966/ "Written on the Wind" at the Internet Movie Database]
* [http://www.criterion.com/asp/release.asp?id=96&eid=104&section=essay Criterion Collection essay by Laura Mulvey]