Alfred Reade Godwin-Austen

Infobox Military Person
name= Alfred Reade Godwin-Austen
lived=16 April 1889 - 1963
placeofbirth=
placeofdeath=


caption=
nickname=
allegiance= United Kingdom
branch=British Army
serviceyears= 1909 - 1946
rank= General
commands=2nd Battalion, Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry (1936 - 1937)
14th Infantry Brigade (1938 - 1939)
8th Division (1939 - 1940)
British forces British Somaliland (1940)
2nd (later 12th) (African) Division (1940 - 1941)
XIII Corps (1941 - 1942)
unit=
battles=World War II
*East African Campaign
*Western Desert Campaign
awards= KCSI (13 June 1946)
CB (30 May 1941)
OBE ()
MC (3 June 1916)
laterwork=Colonel The S. Wales Borderers, (1 Jan. 1950)

General Sir Reade Godwin-Austen KCSI, CB, OBE, MC (born 1889; died 1963) was a British Army officer during World War I and World War II.

Army career

Godwin-Austen was commissioned into the South Wales Borderers in 1909 and during his service in the First World War was awarded the Military Cross.

On the outbreak of World War II Godwin-Austen had just been promoted major-general to command 8th Infantry Division, responsible for internal security in the British Mandate of Palestine. After the division was disbanded in February 1940 he was nominated in July to command 2nd (African) Division which was forming in Kenya. [Mead (2007), p. 168]

Before taking up his command, however, he was sent in mid-August 1940 after the Italian Invasion of British Somaliland to take command of the British forces there. His actions allowed almost the entire Commonwealth contingent to withdraw to Berbera. From there, it was successfully evacuated to Aden. Commonwealth losses in the short campaign are estimated to have been exceedingly light, about 260 (38 killed, 102 wounded and 120 missing).

The British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, stung by the loss to British prestige, criticized General Archibald Wavell concerning the loss of British Somaliland. It was Wavell's Middle East Command which was responsible for the loss of the colony. Because of the low casualty rate, Churchill fretted that the British had abandoned the colony without enough of a fight. He demanded the suspension of Godwin-Austen and the convening of a court of inquiry.

In response to this criticism, Wavell claimed that Somaliland was a textbook withdrawal in the face of superior numbers. He pointed out to Churchill that “A bloody butcher’s bill is not the sign of a good tactician.” According to Churchill's staff, Wavell's retort moved Churchill to greater fury than they had ever seen before. [ Mockler, Anthony. "Haile Selassie's War: The Italian-Ethiopian Campaign, 1935-1941", p. 251.] Wavell refused to accede to Churchill's demand and Godwin-Austen moved on to take command of his division in Kenya on 12 September. However, Churchill was to retain his grudge towards him. Mead (2007), p.169]

During the East African Campaign he led the 2nd (African) Division (renamed 12th (African) Division) as part of East Africa Force, commanded by Lieutenant-General Alan Cunningham, in its advance from Kenya into Italian East Africa. His division advanced into Italian Somaliland on 11 February and by late February had scored an emphatic victory over Italian forces at Gelib. Once Mogadishu had been taken, Cunningham swung his force inland across the Ogaden desert and into Ethiopia, entering the capital, Addis Ababa on 6 April.

At the end of the campaign he was promoted to his last fighting command, leading XIII Corps in the Western Desert Campaign in North Africa. During Operation "Crusader" he was vociferous in his opposition to the suggestion of Alan Cunningham, by now commanding Eighth Army and so once more his direct superior, that they should abandon the offensive after the setback of Rommel's "dash to the wire". The C-in-C Middle East, by then Claude Auchinleck, chose to continue the offensive and Operation "Crusader" went on to relieve the siege of Tobruk and push the Axis forces back to El Agheila while Cunningham was relieved of his command. [Mead (2007), p. 170]

When Rommel counterattacked in January 1942 the Allies were forced to retreat in some confusion. Godwin-Austen, seeing that one of his divisions, Indian 4th Infantry Division was under threat, after consulting with Cunningham's successor, Neil Ritchie, ordered them to withdraw. However, Ritchie changed his mind and issued a countermand directly to the division's commander Francis Tuker. Feeling that Ritchie had by this action displayed a lack of confidence in him, he tendered his resignation to Auchinleck, which was reluctantly accepted.Mead (2007), p. 171] Tuker was later to write quote|His going was the latest of many misjudgments which had started to shake confidence in the leadership. We lost the wrong man. [cite book| last=Tuker| first=Francis| title=Approach to Battle| date=1963| publisher=Cassell| location=London, p. 81]

In spite of support from the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, General Sir Alan Brooke, and Sir James Grigg, the Secretary of State for War, Churchill was adamant that Godwin-Austen should not receive a new posting. Churchill relented in November after the intervention of the South African Field Marshal Jan Smuts and Godwin-Austen was appointed Director of Tactical Investigation at the War Office. He subsequently became Vice Quartermaster-General at the War Office and, as the war ended, the Quartermaster-General and then Principal Administrative Officer in India, reporting to the C-in-C Claude Auchinleck.

He retired in 1946 having achieved the rank of General and was knighted in the same year.

Career summary

* Commissioned The South Wales Borderers - 1909
* Commanding Officer, 2nd Battalion, Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry - 1936 - 1937
* Head British Military Mission, Egypt - 1937 - 1938
* Commanding Officer, 14th Infantry Brigade, British Mandate of Palestine - 1938 - 1939
* General Officer Commanding, 8th Division, Middle East - 1939 - 1940
* General Officer Commanding, British Somaliland - 1940
* General Officer Commanding, 2nd (African) Division, East Africa - 1940
* General Officer Commanding, 12th (African) Division, Ethiopia - 1940 - 1941
* General Officer Commanding, 12th (African) Division, East Africa - 1941
* General Officer Commanding, XIII Corps, North Africa - 1941 - 1942
* Commandant of Staff College, Camberley - 1942
* Director of Tactical Investigation, War Office - 1942 - 1943
* Vice Quartermaster-General, War Office - 1944
* Quartermaster-General, India - 1944
* Principal Administration Officer, Indian Command - 1945 - 1946
* Retired - 1946

ee also

* East African Campaign (World War II)
* Operation Compass

References

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Footnotes