Siberut

Infobox Islands
name = Siberut


image caption =
locator

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native name =
native name link =
location = South East Asia
coordinates= coord|1|23|S|98|54|E|type:isle_scale:800000
archipelago = Mentawai Islands
total islands =
major islands =
area = 4,030 km²
highest mount =
elevation =
country = Indonesia
country admin divisions title = Province
country admin divisions = West Sumatra
country admin divisions title 1 = Regency
country admin divisions 1 = Mentawai Islands
country largest city =
country largest city population =
population = 30-35,000
population as of = 2001
density = 7.5/km²
ethnic groups = Mentawai. 10% of the population are from other parts of Indonesia.

Siberut is the largest and northernmost of the Mentawai Islands, lying 150 Kilometres west of Sumatra in the Indian Ocean. A part of Indonesia, the island is the most important home for the Mentawai people.Fact|date=December 2007 The western half of the island was set aside as the Siberut National Park in 1993. Much of the island is covered with rainforest, but is subject to commercial logging.

Smaller islands adjacent to Siberut include Karamajet and Masokut which lie in the Bungalaut strait at the south of the island.

The island is known for its range of primates, including the Kloss Gibbon ("Hylobates klossii"), pig-tailed langur ("Simias concolor"), Mentawai Langur ("Presbytis potenziani") and Mentawai Macaque ("Macaca pagensis").

Siberut was affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake tsunami, but without any known loss of human life. One report stated that the island may have been raised up to two metres by the earthquake.

Geography

Siberut Island has a hot and humid equatorial climate, with an annual rainfall of 4,000 mm. Temperatures range from 22 to 31 °C, and humidity averages 81-85%. The east coast has many islets, bays and coral reefs, and is covered with mangrove forest extending up to 2 km wide before giving way to nipah forest. The west coast features mainly "Barringtonia" forests and is difficult to get to because of rough seas and steep cliffs. The hilly interior elevates to 384 metres, with many streams eventually forming rivers in the sago-grove lowlands and swamp forests. There are also areas of dipterocarp primary forest.

Biodiversity

Siberut has been isolated from the mainland Sunda shelf since the Mid-Pleistocene. This isolation has led to a much biodiversity, with about 900 species of vascular plants and 31 mammal species. Sixty-five percent of mammals and fifteen percent of other animals are endemic at some taxonomic level, making Siberut unique. Of the 134 bird species found on Siberut, 19 are endemic at some taxonomic level.

Environment

Siberut was recognised as a Biosphere Reserve in 1981. In 1993, the western part of the island was designated as a National Park, covering an area of 1,905 km².

About 70% of the remaining forest outside the reserve is subject to logging concessions, some operative and others pending.

In 2001 UNESCO brought in a new phase of its Siberut Programme, with the intention of protecting the ecosystem through local development. This phase involves creating a partnership of local communities, conservation groups and local government, an approach which appears to be popular locally.

[http://www.unesco.or.id/activities/science/env_sci/85.php]

Further reading

* page 437 of - Indonesia (Guidebook) Eighth edition. Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd, Footscray, Victoria ISBN 978-1-74164-435-5