- Indian Plate
[
continental drift , the India Plate split from Madagascar and collided with theEurasian Plate resulting in the formation of theHimalayas .]The India or Indian Plate is a
tectonic plate that was originally a part of the ancient continent ofGondwanaland from which it split off, eventually becoming a major plate. About 50 to 55 million years ago, it fused with the adjacentAustralian Plate . It is today part of the majorIndo-Australian Plate , and includes thesubcontinent ofIndia and a portion of the basin under theIndian Ocean .In the late
Cretaceous Period about 90million years ago , subsequent to the splitting off from Gondwanaland of conjoined Madagascar and India, the India Plate split fromMadagascar . It began moving north, at about 20 cm/yr (8 in/yr) [http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-10/haog-tfc101507.php "The fastest continent: India's truncated lithospheric roots"] ] , and began colliding withAsia between 50 and 55 million years ago, in theEocene epoch of theCenozoic Era. During this time, the India Plate covered a distance of 2,000 to 3,000 km (1,200 to 1,900 mi), and moved faster than any other known plate. In 2007, German geologists determined that the reason the India Plate moved so quickly is that it is only half as thick as the other plates which formerly constituted Gondwanaland.The collision with the
Eurasian Plate along the boundary between India andNepal formed the orogenic belt that created theTibetan Plateau and theHimalaya Mountains, as sediment bunched up like earth before aplow .The India Plate is currently moving northeast at 5 cm/yr (2 in/yr), while the Eurasian Plate is moving north at only 2 cm/yr (0.8 in/yr). This is causing the Eurasian Plate to deform, and the India Plate to compress at a rate of 4 mm/yr (0.15 in/yr).
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
The 9.3 magnitude
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was caused by stress in thesubduction zone where the India Plate is sliding under theBurma Plate in the eastern Indian Ocean, at a rate of 6 cm/yr (2.5 in/yr). TheSunda Trench is formed along this boundary where the Indo-Australian and Eurasian Plates meet.Earthquake s in the region are either caused by "thrust-faulting", where the faultline slips at right angles to the trench; or "strike-slip faulting", where material to the east of the faultline slips along the direction of the trench.Like all similarly large earthquakes, the December 26, 2004 event was caused by thrust-faulting. A 100 km (60 mi) rupture caused about 1,600 km (994 mi) of the interface to slip, which moved the fault 15 m (50 ft) and lifted the sea floor several meters (yards), creating the great
tsunami .
[2005 Kashmir earthquake occurred at the northern tip of the Indian plate.]2005 Kashmir earthquake
On October 8, 2005, an earthquake of magnitude 7.6 occurred near
Muzaffarabad , Kashmir,Pakistan killing at least 60,000 people, and leaving more than 2.5 million homeless.See also
*
Indian subcontinent
*Convergent boundary
*Geology of India
*List of tectonic plates
*List of tectonic plate interactions
*Paleogeography
*Plate tectonics Notes
External links
* [http://www.scotese.com/indianim.htm The collision of India and Asia (90 mya — present)] , by Christopher R. Scotese, from the Paleomap Project. Retrieved December 28, 2004.
* [http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/bulletin/neic_slav_ts.html Magnitude 9.0 off W coast of northern Sumatra Sunday, December 26, 2004 at 00:58:49 UTC: Preliminary earthquake report] , from theU.S. Geological Survey . Retrieved December 28, 2004.
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