Pukatja, South Australia

Infobox Australian Place | type = town
name = Pukatja (Ernabella)
state = sa


caption =
lga = Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
postcode = 5710
est = circa 1938
pop = 332 [2006 Census Quickstats : Ernabella (L) (Urban Centre/Locality) [http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?producttype=QuickStats&subaction=-1&areacode=UCL406900&action=401&collection=census&textversion=true&breadcrumb=LP&period=2006&navmapdisplayed=true&] ]
elevation= 676
maxtemp = 34.5
mintemp = 3.3
rainfall = 275.2
stategov = Giles
fedgov = Grey
dist1 =
dir1 =
location1= Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands

Pukatja (formerly Ernabella) (coord|26.2925|S|132.1283|E|region:AU-SA_type:city(400)) is an Aboriginal community in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia, comprising one of the six main communities on "The Lands" (the others being Amata, Pipalyatjara, Fregon/ Kaltjiti, Indulkana and Mimili).

Geography

Pukatja is in the eastern Musgrave Ranges, west of the Stuart Highway, about 30 km south of the Northern Territory border. The community sits at an elevation of 676 metres.

Pukatja is about 1400 km by road from Adelaide, including 200 km on unsealed roads.

Climate

Climate records for Ernabella / Pukatja have been kept since 1971.

Pukatja experiences summer maximum temperatures of an average of 34.5 degrees celsius in January and a winter maximum average temperature of 17.8 degrees celsius in June. Overnight lows range from a mean minimum temperature of 19.6 degrees in January to 3.3 degrees in June.

Annual rainfall averages 275.2 millimetres. [Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology data [http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_016085.shtml] ]

Population

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) recorded a population of 332 in the 2006 census, up from 226 in the 2001 census and down from 470 in the 1991 Census.

PY Media reports that the population of Pukatja / Ernabella is somewhere between 500 and 700 people.

In the 2001 census, Pukatja was second only to sister community Mimili in having the lowest per capita income in South Australia ($174). Like a number of APY Lands communities, Pukatja boasts one of the highest proportions of Australian-born residents (97.5%). [2001 Census Data on South Australia - Cat. no. 4705.0 Population Distribution, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians - companion data - * NOTE: Excel spreadsheet link * [http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/CA2568A90021A807CA256BE30080D44A/$File/47050_table%209.xls] ]

History

Ernabella has been an Aboriginal community for a long time. It was established as a Presbyterian mission in 1938. The principles for the establishment of the mission at that time were:

Dr. Charles Duguid, theadvocate for the establishment of Ernabella laid down the following principles:

There was to be no compulsion nor imposition of our way of life onthe Aborigines, nor deliberate interference with tribal custom ... onlypeople trained in some particular skill should be on the mission staff,and ... they must learn the tribal language. [ [Australian National University] "A Moravian Mission in Australia: Ebenezer through Ernabella eyes", Bill Edwards; [http://rspas.anu.edu.au/pah/TransTasman/papers/Edwards_Bill.pdf] ]

Anangu people started gradually to come in from traditional life in the desert to live at the Mission after its establishment. The mission respected Anangu culture and traditions and offered medical help and education, with no conditions attached.

Responsibility for the administration of Ernabella Mission was formally handed over to the Ernabella Community Council — later Pukatja Community Council — on 1 January, 1974. ["Indigenous Politics: A letter to all Australians", New Matilda Magazine (replicated on ANTaR), 8 September 2006 [http://www.antar.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=286&Itemid=1] ]

Facilities

Mail is delivered twice a week by air mail bag.

Ernabella Arts Inc is the longest continually running aboriginal arts centre in Australia. It has a school teaching Reception through to senior high school. Technical and further education (TAFE) facilities for the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands are based at Pukatja.

The community store sells grocery supplies, clothes and hot food, and has EFTPOS facilities. The garage has basic parts and diesel fuel. The clinic has three registered nurses and the doctor is based here, but often absent visiting other communities.

The medical clinic is staffed by a doctor and 3 nurses, as well as Anangu Health Workers.

A basic police station exists at Pukatja, and is not permanently manned. In July 2007, the Police Association of South Australia described the stations as "dirty" and "ill-equipped", and a "disgrace". The Pukatja station is due for replacement, though its preferential status is in doubt with apparent priority for a station upgrade at Amata ["Police Stations like ill-equipped sheds", Adelaide Advertiser, 7 July 2007 [http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/story/0,22606,22030204-2682,00.html] ] . In response to that criticism, a month later the SA State Government announced that it would spend $7.5 million AUD at Amata and Pukatja for new police stations, court facilities and cells along with associated police housing and facilities [ [http://www.premier.sa.gov.au/news.php?id=1971 "$34 million package for the APY Lands" 'Minister Weatherill Media Release, 3 August 2007'] 'Retrieved on August 8, 2007'] .

Even in this remote area, houses have telephones, access to multiple television channels including (Imparja and ABC), and mail is delivered twice weekly by air from Alice Springs.As with most APY settlements, Australian Broadcasting Corporation and Special Broadcasting Service television are available.

The Uniting Church in Australia has a congregation in Pukatja. [UCA List of Congregations [http://ns.uca.org.au/congregations/congregations.html] ]

A permit is required for a member of the public to visit any community on the APY Lands, as they are freehold lands owned by the Aboriginal people.

Faunae

The Adelaide Advertiser reported on Monday October 1, 2007 that the black-flanked rock wallaby, known as 'warru' to the local population, faced extinction and 15 of the wallabies had been transferred from an undisclosed location on the APY Lands and also from Pukatja to Monarto Zoo. The article claimed there were only approximately 50 of the animal left in the wild. Work in monitoring the species' survival was said to involve Aboriginal trackers and schoolchildren from Pukatja to help track the wallabies' movements. ["Adelaide Advertiser", Monday, October 1, 2007, page 16]

Footnotes

External links

* [http://www.ernabella.sa.edu.au/ Ernabella school]
* [http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_016013.shtml Ernabella climate averages]
* [http://www.ernabellaarts.com.au/ Ernabella Arts]
*cite web
last =
first =
year =
url = http://www.waru.org/communities/pukatja/
title = PY Media Site : Pukatja community
format = HTML
work =
accessdate = 2007-07-05
*cite web
last =
first =
year = 2007
url = http://www.abc.net.au/canberra/stories/s1965931.htm
title = Miri Kutjara Tjungu (Skin to skin) - APY Arts Showcase in Canberra
format = HTML
work = Louise Maher, 666AM ABC Radio Canberra
accessdate = 2007-07-10