- Stanisław Małachowski
Stanisław Małachowski (1736–1809) was a member of the Polish
government 'sPermanent Council (Rada Nieustająca ) (1776–1780),Marshal of the Crown Courts of Justice from 1774,Crown Grand Referendary (Referendarz Wielki Koronny) (1780–1792) andMarshal of theFour-Year Sejm (1788–1792). He also served asStarosta (prefect) ofZiemia sądecka . In 1782 he was awarded, by King Stanisław August, theOrder of the White Eagle .Małachowski began his political career already in his early twenties, as a deputy, in 1758, and showed himself to be of unimpeachable integrity, a rare attribute. Elected Marshal of theSejm of thePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1788, he worked closely with other leaders of thePatriotic Party , includingIgnacy Potocki andHugo Kołłątaj , the latter of whom addressed him in "Several Anonymous Letters to S.M. " (1788). Małachowski supported the aspirations of townspeople for broader political rights, in 1791 ostentatiously accepting citizenship in the Old Town of Warsaw. He co-authored theMay Constitution of Poland adopted May 3, 1791.Małachowski condemned the
Targowica Confederation that had been formed to overthrow the new Constitution. When Confederation forces marched in, he left Poland, returning for good only in 1796. He spent the next years on family estates. In 1807 he becamepresident (prezes) of theGoverning Commission (Komisja Rządząca), and from October 5--of theCouncil of Ministers (Rada Ministrów), of theDuchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie), and subsequently--of itsSenate (Senat).Małachowski partially
emancipate d hispeasant s and assured funding for their medical care.
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