Albrecht von Graefe

Infobox Scientist
name = Albrecht von Graefe
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birth_date = May 22, 1828
birth_place = Finkenheerd, Brandenburg
death_date = July 20, 1870
death_place = Berlin, Brandenburg
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nationality = German
ethnicity =
field = oculist
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Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Albrecht von Graefe (or Gräfe; May 22, 1828–July 20, 1870) was a pioneering German ophthalmologist.

Graefe was born in Finkenheerd, Brandenburg, the son of Karl Ferdinand von Graefe. At an early age he showed a preference for mathematics, but this was gradually superseded by an interest in natural science, which led him ultimately to the study of medicine. After studying at Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Paris, London, Dublin and Edinburgh, and having devoted special attention to ophthalmology, in 1850 he began to practice as an oculist in Berlin. He founded a private institution there for the treatment of eyes, which became the model of many similar clinics in Germany and Switzerland.

In 1853 he was appointed teacher of ophthalmology at the University of Berlin; in 1858 he became an Extraordinary Professor, and in 1866 an Ordinary Professor. Graefe contributed greatly to ophthalmological science, particularly by the establishment in 1855 of his "Archiv für Ophthalmologie", in which Carl Ferdinand von Arlt and Franciscus Donders collaborated. Perhaps his two most important discoveries were his method of treating glaucoma and a new operation for cataract. He was also regarded as an authority in diseases of the nervous system and brain. He died in Berlin on 20 July 1870.

The eponymous "Gräfe's sign" is associated with Graves-Basedow disease.

References

* See "Ein Wort der Erinnerung an Albrecht von Gräfe" (Halle, 1870) by his cousin, Alfred Gräfe (1830-1899), also a distinguished ophthalmologist, and the author of "Das Sehen der Schielenden" (Wiesbaden 1897); and E Michaelis, "Albrecht von Gräfe. Sein Leben und Wirken" (Berlin,1877).
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id = PMID:17728957
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17728957
last=Tan
first=S Y
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first2=J K
publication-date=2007 Sep
year=2007
title=Albrecht von Gräfe (1828-1870): founder of scientific ophthalmology.
volume=48
issue=9
periodical=Singapore medical journal
pages=797-8
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id = PMID:15175855
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15175855
last=Klopstock
first=T
publication-date=2004 Aug
year=2004
title= [Albrecht von Gräfe (1828-1870) Notes on the cover picture]
volume=75
issue=8
periodical=Der Nervenarzt
pages=831
doi = 10.1007/s00115-004-1736-1
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url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11845701
last=Emel'ianova
first=N A
last2=Iakovlev
first2=A A
publication-date=
year=
title= [Albrecht von Gräfe--an outstanding German ophthalmologist (his life, medical and scientific activities)]
volume=117
issue=6
periodical=Vestnik oftalmologii
pages=54-5
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id = PMID:11045351
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11045351
last=Kohnen
first=T
publication-date=2000 Sep
year=2000
title=The ASCRS honouring of Albrecht von Gräfe. American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery.
volume=238
issue=9
periodical=Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.
pages=807
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id = PMID:9576543
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9576543
last=Haas
first=L F
publication-date=1998 Apr
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title=Albrecht von Gräfe (1828-70).
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periodical=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr.
pages=504
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id = PMID:8543203
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8543203
last=Remky
first=H
publication-date=1995 Sep
year=1995
title=Albrecht von Graefe. Facets of his work. On the occasion of the 125th anniversary of his death (20 July 1870)
volume=233
issue=9
periodical=Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.
pages=537-48
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id = PMID:1340988
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1340988
last=Verdaguer
first=J
publication-date=1992 Sep
year=1992
title= [Albrecht von Gräfe: The man and his time]
volume=120
issue=9
periodical=Revista médica de Chile
pages=1070-9
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id = PMID:2184097
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2184097
last=Koelbing
first=H M
last2=Speiser
first2=P
publication-date=1990
year=1990
title= [The Graefe memorial stone--in memory of A. von Graefe's contributions in Heiden]
volume=47 Pt 1
issue=
periodical=Gesnerus
pages=109-17
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id = PMID:3071653
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3071653
last=Jaeger
first=W
publication-date=
year=
title= [Numismatic history of the von Gräfe Medal of the German Ophthalmological Society]
volume=90
issue=4-5
periodical=Klinika oczna
pages=186-7
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id = PMID:6991724
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6991724
last=Kyle
first=R A
last2=Shampo
first2=M A
publication-date=1980 Jul 4
year=1980
title=Albrecht von Gräfe.
volume=244
issue=1
periodical=JAMA
pages=20
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id = PMID:7003219
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7003219
last=Führmeister
first=H
publication-date=1980 May
year=1980
title= [Copies of the majolica bas-reliefs form the Albrecht von Graefe Monument in Berlin, installed in the Halle polyklinik (author's transl)]
volume=176
issue=5
periodical=Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde
pages=867-9
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id = PMID:383052
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/383052
last=Blodi
first=F C
publication-date=1979 Sep
year=1979
title=Ophthalmology and philately: I. Ophthalmologists on stamps.--Albrecht von Graäfe (1828-1870).
volume=97
issue=9
periodical=Arch. Ophthalmol.
pages=1653
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id = PMID:775177
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/775177
last=Kettesy
first=A
publication-date=1975 Dec
year=1975
title= [The polemics on strabogenesis between A. v. Gräfe and F. C. Donders (author's transl)]
volume=167
issue=6
periodical=Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde
pages=785-91
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id = PMID:4582045
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4582045
publication-date=1972
year=1972
title= [Von Graefe-prize. Determinations]
volume=71
issue=
periodical=Bericht über die Zusammenkunft. Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft
pages=755-6
*Citation
id = PMID:4582044
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4582044
publication-date=1972
year=1972
title= [Statute concerning the award and grant of the "Gräfe medal"]
volume=71
issue=
periodical=Bericht über die Zusammenkunft. Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft
pages=755
*Citation
id = PMID:4582039
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4582039
last=Wachholz
first=E A
publication-date=1972
year=1972
title= [Cataract knife and cataract incision from Jean Jacques Daviel to Albrecht von Gräfe]
volume=71
issue=
periodical=Bericht über die Zusammenkunft. Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft
pages=709-12
*Citation
id = PMID:4929756
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4929756
last=Goldmann
first=H
publication-date=1971
year=1971
title= [Albrecht von Gräfe and glaucoma]
volume=181
issue=2
periodical=Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. Albrecht von Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology
pages=94-106
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id = PMID:4929755
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4929755
last=Rintelen
first=F
publication-date=1971
year=1971
title= [Albrecht von Gräfe, his personality and his times]
volume=181
issue=2
periodical=Albrecht von Gräfes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. Albrecht von Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology
pages=79-93
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id = PMID:4945054
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4945054
last=Cooper
first=S N
publication-date=1970 Dec
year=1970
title=Editorial. Albrecht von Gräfe.
volume=18
issue=4
periodical=Journal of the All-India Ophthalmological Society
pages=150-3
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id = PMID:4932709
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4932709
last=Toselli
first=C
publication-date=1970 Sep
year=1970
title= [In memory of Albrecht von Gräfe. (1828-1870)]
volume=96
issue=9
periodical=Annali di ottalmologia e clinica oculistica
pages=433-51
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id = PMID:4918512
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4918512
last=Böck
first=J
publication-date=1970
year=1970
title= [Centenial of the death of Albrecht von Graefe]
volume=180
issue=2
periodical=Albrecht von Gräfes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. Albrecht von Gräfe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology
pages=93
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id = PMID:4901495
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4901495
last=Hoffmann-Axthelm
first=W
publication-date=1969
year=1969
title= [The von Gräfe family and their estate "Finkenherd" in the Berlin zoological garden]
volume=69
issue=
periodical=Bericht über die Zusammenkunft. Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft
pages=685-706
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id = PMID:5328336
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5328336
publication-date=1966 Jul 25
year=1966
title=Albrecht von Graefe (1828-1870).
volume=197
issue=4
periodical=JAMA
pages=292-3
*Citation
id = PMID:5320138
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5320138
publication-date=1965 Oct
year=1965
title="Dr. Albrecht von Gräfe in Behrenstrasse will treat free of charge the eye diseases of the poor".
volume=74
issue=4
periodical=Arch. Ophthalmol.
pages=545-8
*Citation
id = PMID:13512131
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13512131
last=LEOPOLD
first=I H
publication-date=
year=
title=Albrecht von Graefe.
volume=7
issue=2
periodical=Diabetes
pages=151-4
*Citation
id = PMID:14798580
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14798580
last=KUGELBERG
first=F
publication-date=1950 Dec 22
year=1950
title= [Albrecht von Gräfe, 1828-1870; memorial lecture at the Swedish Medical Association meeting on the 10th of October 1950.]
volume=47
issue=51
periodical=Svenska läkartidningen
pages=2954-63
*1911

External links

* [http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/354.html Graefe's sign at WhoNamedIt]
* [http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people/data?id=per330 Biography and bibliography] in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science