Bonefishes

Taxobox
color = pink
name = Bonefishes


image_width = 200px
image_caption = Bonefish, "Albula vulpes"

---

image2_width = 200px
image2_caption = Japanese gissu, "Pterothrissus gissu"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Actinopterygii
ordo = Albuliformes
familia = Albulidae
familia_authority = Bleeker, 1859
subdivision_ranks = Genera
subdivision = "Albula" "Pterothrissa" See text for species.The bonefishes are a family (Albulidae) of ray-finned fish that are popular as game fish in Florida, select locations in the South Pacific, and the Bahamas where two bonefish are on their 10 cent coin, and elsewhere. The family is small, with eight species in two genera.FishBase family | family = Albulidae | year = 2006 | month = 05]

Presently the bonefishes are in their own order: Albuliformes. The spiny eels (Notacanthidae) and halosaurs (Halosauridae) were previously classified in this ordercite web |url = http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma/Chordata/Actinopterygii/Albuliformes/Albuliformes.htm |title =Mikko's Phylogeny Archive for Albuliformes] , but are now, according to FishBase given their own order, Notacanthiformes.FishBase order | order = Notacanthiformes | year = 2006 | month = 05] The largest bonefish caught in the Western Hemisphere is a 16 pound, 3 ounce example caught off Islamorada, Florida, on March 19, 2007. ["Florida Keys Keynoter" pg. 31, Marathon, Florida, April 4, 2007]

Description

"Albula"

The bonefishes' closest relatives are the tarpons and ladyfishes in the order Elopiformes. Bonefishes are unlike tarpons in that their mouth is under the snout rather than the end of it, and bonefishes lack the tarpons' protruding snout. Like tarpons and ladyfishes, bonefishes can breathe air via a modified swim-bladder and are found in brackish waters. Bonefish larvae are leptocephalic.

The body of the bonefish is silver and slender with a bluish or greenish back. On the upper half there are dark streaks with cross bands connecting to the lateral line. The body is also rounded and has a long downward aiming snout. The dorsal and caudal fins are black. Bonefish vary in adult length from 40–100 cm depending on species. The average size of a bonefish is from 3 to 5 pounds (1–2 kg) with the Florida record being 16 pounds 3 oz (7.34 kg).

The bonefishes are brackish or saltwater fish typically living in estuaries and travelling out to sea to spawn on a lunar cycle. They feed in the shallow sand and mud flats, on animals that live on the bottom like worms, mollusks, shrimps, and crabs. They use their conical shaped snouts to root out their prey and can often be seen with their tail out of the water. Bonefishes possess crushing teeth in the palate.

"Pterothrissus"

This genus is like "Albula" except they are found in deeper waters.

pecies

FishBase lists eight species in two genera:
* Genus "Albula"
** "Albula argentea" (Schneider, 1801).
** Longjaw bonefish, "Albula forsteri" Valenciennes, 1847.
** Roundjaw bonefish, "Albula glossodonta" (Forsskål, 1775).
** Threadfin bonefish, "Albula nemoptera" (Fowler, 1911).
** Sharpjaw bonefish, "Albula neoguinaica" Valenciennes, 1847.
** "Albula oligolepis" Hidaka, Iwatsuki & Randall, 2008. [cite journal | journal = Ichthyological Research | volume = 55 | issue = 1 | year = 2008 | pages = 53-64 | title = A review of the Indo-Pacific bonefishes of the "Albula argentea" complex, with a description of a new species | author = Hidaka, Iwatsuki & Randall]
** Bonefish, "Albula vulpes" (Linnaeus, 1758).
* Genus "Pterothrissus"
** Longfin bonefish, "Pterothrissus belloci" Cadenat, 1937.
** Japanese gissu, "Pterothrissus gissu" Hilgendorf, 1877.

References

External links

* [http://www.bluewatermag.com.au/april04feature2.asp The inshore grand slam] Article about bonefish, permit and tarpon.
* [http://www.bone-fishing.info Bone fishing in Los Roques] general Info.