Cape Breton fiddling

Cape Breton fiddling is a lively regional violin style which falls within the Celtic music idiom. Cape Breton Island's fiddle music was brought to North America by Scottish immigrants during the Highland Clearances. These Scottish immigrants were primarily from Gaelic-speaking regions in the Scottish Highlands and the Outer Hebrides. Although fiddling has changed considerably since this time in Scotland, it is widely held that the tradition of Scottish fiddle music has been better preserved in Cape Breton.

Dance styles associated with the music are Cape Breton step dancing, Cape Breton square dancing (Iona style and Inverness style), and highland dancing.

In 2005, as a tribute to the area's traditional music, the construction of a tourism center and the world's largest fiddle and bow was completed on the Sydney waterfront.

Playing style

Cape Breton playing is highly accented, characterized by driven up-bowing. The tunes of other music origins (Irish, Canadian, French-Canadian, "etc".) sound quite different when performed by Cape Breton players. The strong downbeat pulse is driven by the fiddler's heel into the floor. The pattern tends to be the heel on reels, heel-and-toe on strathspeys.

Timing is a notable trait of Cape Breton music because good timing brings dancing alive. The older players (Donald Angus Beaton, Winston Scotty Fitzgerald, Dan Hughie MacEachern) knew how to bring a dance hall to life.

Cape Breton fiddle music is strongly influenced by the intonations of the Gaelic language, especially Puirt a Beul (mouth music} and strathspeys. The ornaments are adapted from those used on the Great Highland bagpipe. The ornamentation (cuts aka. trebles, drones and doubling) brings out the strong feeling of Cape Breton fiddle.

A century ago the violin and pump organ were the common instruments; the latter has been supplanted by piano.

Repertoire

The types of tunes commonly associated with Cape Breton fiddling are jigs, reels, marches, strathspeys, clogs (hornpipes), and slow airs. Many of the tunes associated with Cape Breton fiddle music are also commonly performed on other instruments, especially bagpipes, piano and guitar. It is not unheard of for the music to be performed on harmonica, tin whistle, mandolin or banjo.

Modern Cape Breton players draw on a large body of music, from the Scottish and Irish traditions, and from modern compositions. Several older books of tune collections have been particularly popular sources:

*Fraser, Simon (1874), "Simon Fraser Collection"
*MacDonald, Keith Norman (1887), "The Skye Collection"
*MacQuarrie, Gordan F. (1940), "The Cape Breton Collection"
*O'Neill, Francis (1903), "O'Neill's Music Of Ireland"
*Robertson, James Stewart (1884), "The Athole Collection"
*Skinner, James Scott, "The Scottish Violinist"
*Skinner, James Scott, "The Harp and Claymore"

A number of recent publications also document a substantial amount of the modern Cape Breton repertoire:

*Cameron, John Donald (2000), "The Heather Hill Collection" (compositions of Dan R. MacDonald)
*Cameron, John Donald (1994), "The Trip To Windsor Collection" (compositions of Dan R. MacDonald, volume 2)
*Cranford, Paul (1997), "Winston Fitzgerald: A Collection of Fiddle Tunes"
*Dunlay, Kate, and David Greenberg (1996), "The Dungreen Collection - Traditional Celtic Violin Music of Cape Breton"
*Holland, Jerry (1988, several revised editions), "Jerry Holland's Collection of Fiddle Tunes"
*Holland, Jerry (2000), "Jerry Holland: The Second Collection"
*MacEachern, Dan Hugh (1975), "MacEachern's Collection"
*Stubbert, Brenda (1994), "Brenda Stubbert's Collection of Fiddle Tunes"
*Stubbert, Brenda (2007), "Brenda Stubbert: The Second Collection"

Composers and performers

Scottish composers popular in Cape Breton include: Niel Gow, Nathaniel Gow, William Marshall, and James Scott Skinner. Well known Cape Breton composers include: Donald Angus Beaton, Kinnon Beaton, Angus Chisholm, Jerry Holland, Dan R. MacDonald, John MacDougall, Dan Hughie MacEachern and Brenda Stubbert.

Cape Breton fiddle music has received international recognition through the careers of Ashley MacIsaac, Natalie MacMaster and The Rankin Family. Other well known performers of the traditional Cape Breton style include Andrea Beaton, Winnie Chafe, Winston (Scotty) Fitzgerald, Kimberley Fraser, Carl MacKenzie, Howie MacDonald, Buddy MacMaster, Mairi Rankin and many more since the fiddle is so popular in Cape Breton.

See also

* List of Cape Breton fiddlers
* The Barra MacNeils
* Slainte Mhath
* Celtae
* Violin musical styles—fiddle
* Music of Nova Scotia
* Music of Canada's Maritimes
* Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts
* Dan R. MacDonald

Further reading

* MacGillivray, Allister (1981), "The Cape Breton Fiddler", College of Cape Breton Press. ISBN 0-920336-12-4.

External links

* [http://www.celticmusicsite.com/ Celtic Music Interpretive Centre]
* [http://www.danrory.com/ Site/Book on Dan R. MacDonald]