Glottal stop (letter)

Glottal stop (letter)

The symbol unicode|ʔ is a letter of the Latin alphabet, used to represent a glottal stop in several phonetic transcription schemes, as well as in the alphabets of some languages. A superscript version, unicode|ˀ, is also used.

Its shape is based on an enlarged curly apostrophe (ʼ),Fact|date=February 2007 which is also widely used to represent a glottal stop.

Where the glottal stop character is not available, it is sometimes replaced by a question mark (?), which is also its official representation in SAMPA, and to which it bears a striking resemblance.

languages, the tall version is only used for the uppercase, and a short version is used for the lowercase.

In Tongan, the glottal stop is called "fakau‘a", and resembles the "inverted comma," or opening inner quotation mark, especially as it is rendered in fonts like Times New Roman. [ [http://www.brookvale-p.schools.nsw.edu.au/PROJECTS/Dictionary/Our_Alphabet.html Brookvale Public School] "I have emphasized the inclusion of (‘) the inverted apostrophe whenever this sound occurs in correctly spoken and written Tongan language. Fakau’a (‘) is the 16th letter of our Tongan alphabet, which is often left out by many Tongan authors. Its omission or inclusion in a word changes the sound and the meaning of a word, for example : uma (upper arm or shoulder) and ‘uma (kiss or caress)." - Sisilia L. Tupou-Thomas]

Usage

Technical transcription

*Americanist phonetic notation — either unicode|ˀ or unicode|ʔ.
*Transcription of Australian Aboriginal languages — occasionally unicode|ʔ.
*International Phonetic Alphabet — unicode|ʔ only.
*Uralic Phonetic Alphabet — unicode|ˀ only.

Vernacular orthographies

*Languages of Canada
**Chipewyan — both unicode|Ɂ and unicode|ɂ.
**Dogrib — both unicode|Ɂ and unicode|ɂ.
**Kootenai — unicode|ʔ only.
**Musqueam — unicode|ʔ only.
**Nootka — unicode|ʔ only.
**Slavey — both unicode|Ɂ and unicode|ɂ.
**Nitinaht — unicode|ʔ only.
**Thompson — unicode|ʔ only.

Computer encoding

In Unicode 1.0, only the tall version and superscript version were included. In version 4.1 (2005), an uppercase character was added, and the existing tall glottal stop was redefined as its lowercase. Finally, in version 5.0 (2006) it was decided to separate the cased and caseless usages, assigning separate characters to each. The rationale for this decision can be found [http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2962.pdf here] .

ee also

* Aleph
* Apostrophe
* Hamza
*Saltillo (letter)
* Sokuon
* Spiritus lenis
*unicode|ʻOkina
*unicode|ʾ
*unicode|ʕ
*unicode|ʡ
*unicode|ʢ
*unicode|ʖ
*unicode|ƾ

References


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