Peter Waters

Peter Waters(1930-2003), former Conservation Officer at the Library of Congress in Washington, DC worked in the areas of disaster recovery and preparedness, and the salvage of water-damaged paper goods. His published works, specifically "Procedures for Salvage of Water Damaged Library Materials" ¹, are considered the standard for this area of conservation.

Brief Biography

Born in 1930 in Woking, Surrey, England, Peter Waters began his formal education in 1945 at the Guilford College of Art, Surrey, where he studied bookbinding under the instruction of William Matthews. He then went on to study at the Royal College of Art in 1949 and eventually teach at the Farnham School of Art.²

While at the Royal College of Art, Waters became a close friend and associate of his tutor Roger Powell (bookbinder), a well known preservationist and bookbinder whose work includes the 1953 restoration of The Book of Kells. At RCA Waters also met his future wife, Sheila, who was soon to become one of the foremost calligraphers and map designers in the world. In 1957 Peter Waters and Roger Powell formed a professional partnership in book binding and conservation at the bindery in Hampshire. They produced many acclaimed designer bindings for museums and collectors, often aided by Sheila who made many drawings and designs for stamping engravings. Powell and Waters were called upon to restore many rare books, including The Book of Durrow, the Books of Dimma and Armagh, The Stonyhurst Gospel and the Lichfield Gospels. Waters eventually took over Powell's position at the Royal College of Art and remained there until he and his family moved to the United States in 1971. A DVD entitled "Peter Waters, Master Bookbinder" has been produced featuring his early bindings from student days to the mid 1960s, prior to the Florence flood.²

In 1971, Waters was appointed the Conservation Officer and Chief of the Conservation Division at the United States Library of Congress in Washington, DC. Under Waters' supervision, a new conservation lab was created so as to allow for the restoration of many of the items found in the Library of Congress's huge collection of library materials, artifacts and cultural archives.²

Waters remained at the Library of Congress until 1995 when he retired, although he remained an active member of the conservation community and served on the National Archives Preservation Committee and was a fellow of the International Institute for Conservation and the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.²

Waters died on June 26 of mesothelioma related heart failure. It is believed that he developed this form of cancer, which is strongly linked with exposure to asbestos, while working on preservation efforts throughout his life.³

ignificance to Preservation

From the beginning of his conservation career, Peter Waters' work was both ground breaking and sought after by libraries all over the world. Dealing primarily with disaster preparedness, Waters was instrumental in developing recovery plans for large natural disasters affecting libraries and archives, most notably "Procedures for Salvage of Water Damaged Library Materials"¹, which was originally published in 1975 and revised in 1993. Of all of Waters' conservation efforts, his work with the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Firenze after the Arno River Flood in Florence, Italy in Novermber of 1966, and the Library of Congress as Conservation Officer are the most well known.

Arno River Flood, 1966

In the aftermath of the Arno River Flood, thousands of books housed in the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Firenze (BNCF) were left damaged by water, dirt and oil. Because of its location, the BNCF experienced some of the worst damage in Florence and materials were literally shoveled into trucks to be dried out in tobacco kilns before being returned to the BNCF for further preservation.⁴ Of the collections, the Magliabechiana and Palatina were among the more valuable.⁵ Along with James Lewis, Waters lead a preservation effort, with the support of the Council on Library Resources, to preserve the BNCF's materials that included a multi-phase restoration effort to clean, dry and re-bind some of the library's valuable and rare books. Waters was also in charge of training and managing over 120 volunteers, referred to as "mud angels", during the duration of his stay, and he designed all the work stations which were used by the conservation staff over many years following the flood.²

Library of Congress

Appointed the Conservation Officer and Chief of the Conservation Division at the Library of Congress in 1971, Waters began a long and illustrious career aiding the United States' largest library in its conservation efforts.⁷ Within a few years of his placement, Waters had developed new conservation programs including the point system, "whereby the Library's custodial divisions were assigned a budget of treatment hours in a given year, which were reasonably committed through ongoing liaison with senior conservators on his staff²", and the popular "phased preservation" technique. Hailed as the most effective and non-invasive treatment of large collections of deteriorating materials, phased preservation, "emphasizes actions that have the greatest impact on the preservation of collections as a whole, rather than concentrating on treating individual items and includes surveys to establish priorities, disaster planning, environmental controls, and holdings maintenance."⁶ Waters, is also credited with inspiring his son Michael and daughter-in-law Carmen, to develop computerized box-making machinery and software to produce archival custom boxes. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=3&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=6245004&OS=6245004&RS=6245004] Peter and Sheila Waters' other sons are Chris Waters, owner of Multimedia solutions, Maryland: and Julian Waters (calligrapher), who was also protegé of the legendary type designer Hermann Zapf. ²

References

¹Waters, Peter.(1993) "Procedures for Salvage of Water Damaged Library Materials." "Library of Congress". Accessed on 10 June 2007. [http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/disasters/primer/waters.html]

²Metzger, Manuela. (2003) "Peter Waters Obituary." "Book Arts". Accessed on 1 June 2007. [http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byform/mailing-lists/bookarts/2003/07/msg00132.html]

³Martin, Douglas. (2003) "Peter Waters is Dead at 73." "Abbey Newsletter". Accessed on 10 June 2007. [http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byorg/abbey/an/an26/an26-6/an26-607.html]

⁴Clarkson, Christopher. (2003) "The Florence Flood of November 1966 & it's aftermath" Accessed on 11 June 2007. [http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/publication/ndl_newsletter/135/Lecture0312-1.pdf]

⁵Metelli, Piero. (2007) "History, Foundation and Function". Accessed on 12 June 2007. [http://libraries.theeuropeanlibrary.org/ItalyFlorence/Library/history_en.xml]

⁶ Pearce-Moses, Richard. A Glossary of Archival and Records Terminology. Vol. 2. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2005.

⁷"Caring for America's Library." The Library of Congress: Preservation. 18 Oct. 2006. The Library of Congress. Accessed on 12 June 2007 [http://www.loc.gov/preserv/history/admin.html]

ee also

*
*Library and Information Science
*Archival science
*Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Firenze
*Flood of the River Arno in Florence
*Library of Congress

External links

*CoOl Disaster Preparedness and Response [http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/disasters/]
*Book Arts Web [http://www.philobiblon.com]
*Library of Congress: Preservation [http://www.loc.gov/preserv/]
*Regional Alliance for Preservation [http://www.rap-arcc.org]
*A Simple Book Repair Manual [http://www.dartmouth.edu/~preserve/repair/repairindex.htm]