John Bradley (Navy)

Infobox Military Person
name= John Bradley
born= birth date|1923|07|10
died= death date and age|1994|01|11|1923|07|10
placeofbirth= Antigo, Wisconsin
placeofdeath= Antigo, Wisconsin
placeofburial=


caption= John Bradley stands next to a War Bond drive poster depicting the flag raising.
nickname= "Doc"
allegiance= flagicon|United States United States of America
branch= United States Navy
serviceyears= 1942–1945
rank= Pharmacist's Mate Second Class
commands=
unit= 2nd Battalion, 28th Marines
battles= World War II
*Battle of Iwo Jima
awards= Navy Cross Purple Heart
laterwork=

John "Jack" "Doc" Bradley (July 10, 1923–January 11, 1994) was a United States Navy corpsman during World War II, and one of the six men who took part in Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima. Bradley was already on the summit of Mount Suribachi with his platoon, when Sgt Michael Strank, Cpl Harlon Block, PFC Ira Hayes, PFC Rene Gagnon and PFC Franklin Sousley, who had a larger flag on orders to place it so that it could be seen from great distance, asked him to lend them a hand in raising the flag attached to a heavy length of pipe.

Early years

Born John Henry Bradley in Antigo, Wisconsin to James ("Cabbage") and Kathryn Bradley, he was the second of five children. He grew up in Appleton, Wisconsin, and reportedly had an interest in entering the funeral parlor business from an early age.

World War II

When he was 19, his father suggested he enlist in the Navy so he could avoid ground combat. However, the Navy chose him to become a medical corpsman and he was eventually assigned to the United States Marine Corps. As a Marine medical corpsman, he took part in the assault on Iwo Jima, one of the most bitterly fought battles of the Pacific War's island-hopping campaign.

In March 1943, Bradley began his medical corpsman training and was initially stationed at the U.S. Naval Hospital in Oakland. He was then assigned to the 2nd Battalion, 28th Marines, of the 5th Marine Division, which was being formed at Camp Pendleton, California.

After participating in the famous flag-raising at Mt. Suribachi on Iwo Jima, John Bradley was awarded the Navy Cross for rushing to a wounded man's aid under heavy Japanese fire. A few days later, he received several shrapnel wounds in his legs, and was evacuated from the combat zone to a hospital in Hawaii.

Awards

Pharmacist's Mate Second Class Bradley was awarded the following decorations and awards:

*Navy Cross
*Purple Heart
*Presidential Unit Citation with one star (for Iwo Jima)
*American Campaign Medal
*Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with one battle star (for Iwo Jima), and;
*World War II Victory Medal

Navy Cross citation

quote|"For extraordinary heroism in action against the enemy at Iwo Jima on February 21, 1945 as a hospital corpsman attached to a Marine Rifle platoon. During a furious assault by his company upon a strongly defended enemy zone at the base of Mt. Suribachi, Bradley observed a Marine infantryman fall wounded in an open area under a pounding barrage by mortars, interlaced with a merciless crossfire from machine guns."

"With complete disregard for his own safety, he ran through the intense fire to the side of the fallen Marine, examined his wounds and ascertained that an immediate administration of plasma was necessary to save the man's life. Unwilling to subject any of his comrades to the danger to which he had so valiantly exposed himself, he signaled would-be assistants to remain where they were. Placing himself in a position to shield the wounded man, he tied a plasma unit to a rifle planted upright in the sand and continued his life saving mission.The Marine's wounds bandaged and the condition of shock relieved by plasma, Bradley pulled the man thirty yards through intense enemy fire to a position of safety. His indomitable spirit, dauntless initiative, and heroic devotion to duty were an inspiration to those with who he served and were in keeping with the highest tradition of the United States Naval Service."

Post-war life

Sgt Mike Strank, Cpl Harlon Block, and Pfc Franklin Sousley were all killed in action later in the battle. Only John Bradley, Ira Hayes and Rene Gagnon survived the battle, and they were brought back to the United States to tour the country for the seventh war bond drive. The bond drive helped lift morale at home.

Marriage and family life

Following his appearances at the last bond tour, John Bradley married his childhood sweetheart, Betty Van Gorp, settled down in Antigo, and had eight children. He rarely took part in ceremonies celebrating the flag raising, and by the 1960s avoided them altogether. He fulfilled his life-long dream by buying and managing his own funeral parlor, but was tormented by memories of the war. Betty says he wept in his sleep for several years and kept a large knife in a dresser drawer for "protection". He also had many flashbacks of his best friend Iggy, Ralph Ignatowski, who was captured and tortured by Japanese soldiers. Bradley never could forgive himself for not being there to try and save his friend's life. [cite book | author = James Bradley (John Bradley's son) & Ron Powers | title = Flags of Our Fathers | publisher = Bantam | year = 2000 | id = ISBN 0-553-11133-7]

Post-raising views

He rarely spoke of the raising of the flag, stating once that he "just happened to be there". His son James Bradley (who wrote a book about the flag-raisers in 2000 titled "Flags of Our Fathers") speculated that his father's determined silence and discomfort on the subject of his role in the Battle of Iwo Jima was largely due to memories of John's best friend, Ralph "Iggy" Ignatowski. In his own words, and only once, he briefly told his son what happened with "Iggy".

quote|I have tried so hard to block this out. To forget it. We could choose a buddy to go in with. My buddy was a guy from Milwaukee. We were pinned down in one area. Someone elsewhere fell injured and I ran to help out, and when I came back my buddy was gone. I couldn’t figure out where he was. I could see all around, but he wasn’t there. And nobody knew where he was.

A few days later someone yelled that they’d found him. They called me over because I was a corpsman. The Japanese had pulled him underground and tortured him. His fingernails... his tongue... It was terrible. I’ve tried hard to forget all this."|John Bradley

According to James Bradley, as recounted in "Flags of our Fathers", official reports revealed Ignatowski was captured, dragged into a tunnel by Japanese soldiers during the battle, and was later found with his eyes, ears, fingernails, and tongue removed, his teeth smashed, the back of his head caved in, multiple bayonet wounds to the abdomen, his arms broken, and his severed genitalia stuffed into his mouth. John Bradley's recollections of discovering and taking care of Ignatowski's remains haunted him until his death, and he suffered for many years from Post-traumatic stress disorder.

The Battalion Aid Station for the United States Marine Corps Officer Candidates School at Marine Corps Base (MCB) Quantico is named in honor of John Bradley.

Death

John Bradley had a heart attack, but died of a stroke in an Antigo hospital on January 11, 1994, at the age of 70, the last of the six men to raise the second flag to die. He said more than once to his children that the only real heroes on Iwo Jima were those that did not survive. John Bradley's family had no idea he had received the Navy Cross until after his death. He is buried in Queen of Peace Cemetery, Antigo, Wisconsin.

Portrayal in film

* Bradley portrayed himself in the 1949 war film, "Sands of Iwo Jima". It starred John Wayne. The other two surviving flag-raisers also participated.
* Bradley was played by Forrest Compton in the 1961 film "The Outsider".
*Ryan Phillippe portrayed him in the 2006 film "Flags of Our Fathers".

ee also

References

External links

* [http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq87-3l.htm John Bradley's account of the Battle of Iwo Jima from the US Navy's oral history program]
*cite book | author = James Bradley (John Bradley's son) & Ron Powers | title = Flags of Our Fathers | publisher = Bantam | year = 2006 | id = ISBN 0-553-11133-7 A history of the flagraisers