BORNSTEIN, ḤAYYIM JEHIEL — (1845–1928), authority on the Jewish calendar. Bornstein was born into a ḥasidic family in Kozienice, receiving a traditional Jewish education and studying European languages and secular subjects, especially mathematics, on his own. He worked as… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
SOCHACZEW, ABRAHAM BEN ZE'EV NAHUM BORNSTEIN OF — (1839–1910), Polish rabbi, head of the bet din of Sochaczew. He became famous as a child prodigy. At the age of 14 he married the daughter of Menahem Mendel of kotsk , in whose home he remained for ten years studying Torah and Ḥasidism. Upon… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
ḤASIDISM — ḤASIDISM, a popular religious movement giving rise to a pattern of communal life and leadership as well as a particular social outlook which emerged in Judaism and Jewry in the second half of the 18th century. Ecstasy, mass enthusiasm, close knit … Encyclopedia of Judaism
AḤARONIM — (Heb. אַחֲרוֹנִים; lit. the later (authorities), a term used to designate the later rabbinic authorities, in contrast to the rishonim , the earlier authorities. Although scholars differ as to the exact chronological dividing line between the two … Encyclopedia of Judaism
KASHER, MENAHEM — (1895–1983), rabbi and halakhist, distinguished for his research in talmudic and rabbinic literature. Kasher, born in Warsaw, studied under the greatest Polish rabbis of his time, and was primarily influenced in his method of study by Abraham… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
KOTSK, MENAHEM MENDEL (Morgenstern) OF — (1787–1859), one of the outstanding and most original leaders of the ḥasidic movement. Menahem Mendel was born in Bilgoraj, Poland, to a rabbinic family. After his marriage he was exposed to Ḥasidism and traveled to Lublin to see R. Jacob Isaac… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
SOCHACZEW — (Rus. Sokhachev), city in Warszawa province, central Poland. There is evidence of a Jewish settlement in Sochaczew in 1427, when the city was under the jurisdiction of the princes of Mazovia. An organized Jewish community existed from the end of… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
WEINGARTEN, JOAB JOSHUA — (1847–1922), Polish rabbi. Regarded by Abraham Bornstein of Suchaczew as his most brilliant pupil, he and his teacher exchanged numerous responsa. Weingarten had strong leanings toward Ḥasidism; from 1880 he was rabbi in several Polish cities and … Encyclopedia of Judaism
OTTOMAN EMPIRE — OTTOMAN EMPIRE, Balkan and Middle Eastern empire started by a Turkish tribe, led by ʿUthmān (1288–1326), at the beginning of the 14th century. This entry is arranged according to the following outline: sources … Encyclopedia of Judaism
ISTANBUL — ISTANBUL, city in N.W. turkey , on both sides of the Bosphorus at its entrance on the Sea of Marmara (for history prior to 1453, see constantinople ). Constantinople was taken from the Byzantine emperor in 1453 by the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
