Ganoderma zonatum

Taxobox
name = "Ganoderma zonatum"


image_caption = Mushrooms of "Ganoderma zonatum" visible at the base of a palm tree
regnum = Fungi
phylum = Basidiomycota
classis = Basidiomycetes
subclassis = Agaricomycetidae
ordo = Polyporales
familia = Ganodermataceae
genus = "Ganoderma"
species = "G. zonatum"
binomial = "Ganoderma zonatum"
binomial_authority = Murrill,(1902)
synonyms = "Fomes zonatus" (Murrill) Sacc. & D. Sacc., (1905)
"Ganoderma sulcatum" Murrill, (1902)
"Ganoderma tumidum" Bres., (1911)
"Polyporus lucidus var. zonatus" (Murrill) Overh., (1953)

"Ganoderma zonatum" is a plant pathogen that infects the palm species causing butt rot. It is a fungus that that infects the bottom 4 -5 feet (120 - 150cm) of the plant also rotting the roots. It has been known to be in both natural and planted environments and in the majority of cases only in palms.

ymptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms of "Ganoderma zonatum" are general decline in the health of the plant, wilting and discoloration of the leaves and slow growth. However this is noticeable in many different plant diseases and can not be used as a diagnosis tool. There are only two ways to fully identify "G. zonatum". One is the bacidocarp (or conk) forming on the plant with the other viewing the internal rotting of the palm on the inside once it has been cut down. [cite web |url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/PP100 |title=Ganoderma Butt Rot of Palms |accessdate=2007-11-02 |last=Elliot |first=Monica |coauthors=Broschat, Timothy |date=2000 |work= |publisher=University of Florida]

Life Cycle

The fungus is spread between the plants due to the spores produced in the bacidocarp. The spores land on the soil and germinate. The hyphae then grow over the plant roots and up into the woody trunk. The fungus damages the palm trunk closest to the soil first, expands in diameter and moves up the center of the trunk causing a cone like shape of infected trunk. When the bacidocarp emerges it is at the highest point at which the fungus will internally grow.

Protection and Control

There is currently no method for the control of "G. zonatum" once it has been identified. [cite web |url=http://manateehort.ifas.ufl.edu/pdf/palmGanodermaButtRotPP10000.pdf |title=Ganoderma Butt Rot of Palms |accessdate=2007-11-02|last=Elliot |first=M. L. |coauthors=Broscha, T. K. |date=2000 |work= |publisher=University of Florida] however minimizing the amount of moisture can decrease the risk of a palm becoming infected by the fungus. In places where a palm has previously been planted, which was infected by the fungus another should not be planted as the spores can survive in the soil.

External links

* [http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp Index Fungorum]
* [http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases USDA ARS Fungal Database]

References