AICA ribonucleotide

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ImageFile=Aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide.svg
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CASNo=3031-94-5
PubChem=200
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MeSHName=AICA+ribonucleotide
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Formula=C₉H₁₅N₄O₈P
MolarMass=338.211 g/mol
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AICA ribonucleotide or AICAR (aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide) is an intermediate in the generation of inosine monophosphate, which acts as an AMP-activated protein kinase agonist.cite journal | author = Corton JM, Gillespie JG, Hawley SA, Hardie DG | title = 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside. A specific method for activating AMP-activated protein kinase in intact cells? | journal = Eur. J. Biochem. | volume = 229 | issue = 2 | pages = 558–65 | year = 1995 | month = April | pmid = 7744080 | doi = 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.0558k.x | url = | issn = ] It stimulates glucose uptake and increases the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases α and β in skeletal muscle tissue,cite journal | author = Lemieux K, Konrad D, Klip A, Marette A | title = The AMP-activated protein kinase activator AICAR does not induce GLUT4 translocation to transverse tubules but stimulates glucose uptake and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases alpha and beta in skeletal muscle | journal = FASEB J. | volume = 17 | issue = 12 | pages = 1658–65 | year = 2003 | month = September | pmid = 12958172 | doi = 10.1096/fj.02-1125com | url = | issn = ] as well as suppressing apoptosis by reducing production of reactive oxygen compounds inside the cell.cite journal | author = Kim JE, Kim YW, Lee IK, Kim JY, Kang YJ, Park SY | title = AMP-activated protein kinase activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibits palmitate-induced endothelial cell apoptosis through reactive oxygen species suppression | journal = J. Pharmacol. Sci. | volume = 106 | issue = 3 | pages = 394–403 | year = 2008 | month = March | pmid = 18360094 | doi = 10.1254/jphs.FP0071857 | url = | issn = ]
In 2008, researchers at the Salk Institute discovered that AICAR given to experimental mice significantly improves their performance in endurance-type exercise, apparently by converting fast-twitch muscle fibers to the more energy-efficient, fat-burning, slow-twitch type. They also looked at the administration of GW 501516 (also called GW1516) in combination with AICAR. Given to mice that did not exercise, this combination activated 40% of the genes that were turned on when mice were given GW1516 and made to exercise. This suggests it may be possible to obtain some of the benefits of exercising without actually exercising.cite journal | author = Narkar VA, Downes M, Yu RT, Embler E, Wang YX, Banayo E, Mihaylova MM, Nelson MC, Zou Y, Juguilon H, Kang H, Shaw RJ, Evans RM | title = AMPK and PPARdelta agonists are exercise mimetics | journal = Cell | volume = 134 | issue = 3 | pages = 405–15 | year = 2008 | month = August | pmid = 18674809 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.051 | url = | issn = ] Because of the enhanced endurance effects, this could potentially be used by athletes to enhance their performance. One of the lead researchers from this study has developed a urine test to detect it and has made the test available to the International Olympic Committee.cite web |url= http://www.medical-weight-loss-guide.com/AICAR.html | title= AICAR and GW 1516 - The Exercise Pill |accessdate=2008-09-24 |work= |publisher= |date= ]

ee also

* GW 501516
* Inosine monophosphate synthase

References