- Flavoparmelia caperata
"Flavoparmelia caperata" (L.) , 1986
Taxobox | name = Common greenshield lichen
superregnum =Eukarya
regnum =Fungi
divisio =Ascomycota
subdivisio =Pezizomycotina
classis =Lecanoromycetes
subclassis =Lecanoromycetidae
ordo =Lecanorales
familia =Parmeliaceae
genus = "Flavoparmelia "
species = "F. caperata"
binomial = "Flavoparmelia caperata"
binomial_authority = (L.) , 1986Synonym
"Parmelia caperata" (L.) Ach., 1803
Vernacular name
Common greenshield lichen (from "Lichens of North America").
Description
"Flavoparmelia caperata" is a medium to large foliose lichen that has a very distinctive pale yellow green upper cortex when dry. The rounded lobes, measuring 3-8 mm wide, usually have patches of granular soredia arising from pustules. The lobes of the thallus may be smooth, but quite often have a wrinkled appearance especially in older specimens. The lower surface is black except for a brown margin; rhizines attached to the lower surface are black and unbranched.
Lichen chemistry Cortex, PD-, K-, KC+ yellowish, C- (usnic acid).
Medulla, PD+ red-orange, K-, KC+ pink, C- (protocetraric acid, caperatic acid and atranorin).Habitat
On bark of trees, but occasionally on rock.
Similar species
The very similar "
Flavoparmelia baltimorensis " grows mainly on rock and has globuse, pustular outgrowths (somewhat similar to isidia) on the upper surface of the lobes, but does not produce granular soredia.Lichen checklists containing "Flavoparmelia caperata"*A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. North Dakota State University. [http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm]
*British Lichens - List of Lichens & Lichenicolous Fungi. [http://www.thebls.org.uk/content/listeh.html]
*Checklist to Norwegian lichens: Accepted names. [http://www.toyen.uio.no/botanisk/bot-mus/lav/bmlnosj.htm]
*Checklist of Japanese Lichens. [http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/lichen/cklist.htm#F]
*Checklist of the Lichens of Australia and its Island Territories (see Flavoparmelia haysomii). [http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/lichenlist/lichenchecklist_e_o.html]Images of "Flavoparmelia caperata" on the internet
*Wayne Armstrong's Foliose Lichens. [http://waynesword.palomar.edu/pljan98f.htm]
*Flechtenbilder, Ulrich Kirschbaum. [http://kmubserv.tg.fh-giessen.de/pm/page.cfm?PRID=20&CFID=93729&CFTOKEN=154363&PID=287]
*The Lichen Herbarium, University of Oslo, Norway. [http://www.nhm.uio.no/botanisk/lavherb.htm]
*Index-Lichens, Leif & Anita Stridvall. [http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/Flavoparmelia/NIKA4839]References
*Recent Literature on Lichens and Mattick's Literature Search. [http://www.nhm.uio.no/botanisk/lav/RLL/RLL.HTM]
*USDA Plants Database ("Flavoparmelia caperata"). [http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch?keywordquery=Flavoparmelia+caperata&mode=sciname&submit.x=19&submit.y=11]
*Index Fungorum ("Flavoparmelia caperata"). [http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=103353]
*Brodo, I. M., S. D. Sharnoff, and S. Sharnoff. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven, 795 pages. [http://lichen.com/]
*Flenniken, D. G. 1999. The Macrolichens In West Virginia. Published by the author: Don Flenniken, 2273 Blachleyville Rd., Wooster, Ohio 44691. [http://www.uri.edu/ce/rinhs/books_plants.htm]
*Hale, M.E., Jr. 1986. "Flavoparmelia", a new genus in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina). - Mycotaxon 25: 603-605.
*Purvis, O. W., B. J. Coppins, D. L. Hawksworth, P. W. James & D. M. Moore. 1992. The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland. The British Lichen Society, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD.
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