Wafaa Bilal

Wafaa Bilal ( _ar. وفاء بلال) (born June 10 1966) is an Iraqi American artist and professor at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. He is best known for his work "Domestic Tension", where he lived in a gallery for a month and was shot by paintballs interactively by internet users watching from a webcam.

Life

Bilal's family is from Najaf, Iraq. He dreamed of becoming an artist but was prohibited from studying art in a university in Iraq, because of the alleged disloyalty of a member of his family; he studied geography instead. He continued to work on art and was arrested as a dissident for his art critical of Saddam Hussein.cite web|title=Domestic Tension Frequently Asked Questions|work=Wafaa Bilal official site|accessdate=2007-06-22|url=http://www.wafaabilal.com/faq.html] He refused to volunteer to participate in the invasion of Kuwait, and began organizing opposition groups. He fled Iraq in 1991 and lived in a refugee camp in Saudi Arabia for two years, teaching art to children.cite web|url=http://www.alternet.org/waroniraq/54537/|work=Alternet|title=Shot More Than 40,000 Times, an Iraqi Artist Spreads a Message with a Paintball Gun|accessdate=2007-06-22]

In 1992 he came to the United States to study art at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, from which he graduated with a BFA in 1999. He later moved to Chicago, where he earned an MFA from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 2003, and became an adjunct assistant professor the following year.cite web|url=http://www.crudeoils.us/wafaa/html/resume.html|title=CV|author=Wafaa Bilal|accessdate=2007-06-21] In addition to his art he has given lectures about Saddam Hussein's regime and was interviewed by the History Channel. He is currently an assistant professor at the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. [cite web|url=http://www.nyu.edu/search/directory?base=Staff&query=afa|title=New York University - About NYU - Search |publisher=New York University|accessdate=2008-09-06] [cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/arts/chi-5-things-0629jun29,0,1324591.story|title=Wafaa Bilal|last=Artner|first=Alan G.|date=2008-06-29|publisher=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=2008-09-06]

Dog or Iraqi

Wafaa was asked to participate in a net art piece called Dog or Iraqi while an artist in residence at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He wants your vote to decide which one — a dog named “Buddy,” or an Iraqi, himself — will be waterboarded at an “undisclosed location” in upstate New York.cite web |url=http://www.dogoriraqi.com/ |title=Dog or Iraqi? |accessdate=2008-03-13 |format=HTML ]

Virtual Jihadi

Wafaa Bilal created a computer based art piece titled, “Night of Bush Capturing: Virtual Jihadi" which is a "hacked" version of the popular commercial video game "Quest for Saddam". While in the real game players target the ex-Iraqi leader, in Wafaa's modified version the artist casts himself as a suicide bomber who gets sent on a mission to assassinate President George W. Bush.cite web|url=http://rpi.freeculture.org/wiki/Wafaa_Bilal%27s_%22Virtual_Jihadi%22_exhibit_at_RPI|title=RPI Students for Free Culture wiki|accessdate=2008-03-12] On his website, Bilal says,

"This artwork is meant to bring attention to the vulnerability of Iraqi civilians, to the travesties of the current war, and to expose racist generalizations and profiling. Similar games such as “Quest for Saddam” or “America’s Army” promote stereotypical, singular perspectives. My artwork inverts these assumptions, and ultimately demonstrates the vulnerability to recruitment by violent groups like Al Qaeda because of the U.S. occupation of Iraq. In these difficult times, when we are at war with another nation, it is our duty as artists and citizens to improvise strategies of engagement for dialogue. This platform is a piece of fiction that uses the video game format to create alternative narratives and perspectives. Because we inhabit a comfort zone far from the trauma of conflict zone, we Americans have become desensitized to the violence of war. We are disconnected, disengaged while many others do the suffering. The game holds up a mirror that reveals our own propensities for violence, racism and propaganda. We can close our eyes, our ears and deny that it exists, but the issue won’t go away." [cite web |url=http://www.wafaabilal.com/statement.html|title=Wafaa Bilal’s Response to President Jackson Regarding the Closure of his Exhibit|accessdate=2008-03-17|format=|publisher=]

Wafaa Bilal was invited by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in late February 2008 to present a lecture on this latest work. [ [http://www.arts.rpi.edu/index.php?eventID=100000373&egid=1&pageid=179&siteid=3&category=2008&item=03 iEAR Event notice] ] Unfortunately due to poor communication from the artist as well as the university, the artist's message was contorted by some. On March 6, the day after Wafaa's lecture, the RPI administration said they would not allow the exhibit to be supported on campus, and has since declined to reopen it. [cite web |url=http://www.rpi.edu/news/arts/031008-bilal.html |title=Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Declines to Reopen Exhibit|accessdate=2008-03-13 |format= |publisher=Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ] The decision came after the College Republicans called the Arts department "a safe haven for terrorists" on their blog. The statement has since been retracted. The Institute has been subsequently criticized by advocates of free speech and artistic freedom. [cite web |author=Fufaro, Danielle |url=http://timesunion.com/AspStories/story.asp?storyID=671957&category=ARTS&BCCode=&newsdate=3/14/2008&TextPage=1 |date=2008-03-14 |title=Shut exhibit raises questions about the role of provocative art on campus|accessdate=2008-03-01 |format= |publisher=Times Union ]

"Domestic Tension"

In May 2007 he began a 30-day-long project called "Domestic Tension" which involved him living in a gallery in Chicago, eating and drinking what was donated to him. Viewers of the piece on the internet were able to view or take shots at Bilal with a remote controlled paintball gun at any time of the day or night. cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18864872/site/newsweek|work=Newsweek|title=Shoot the Iraqi!|accessdate=2007-06-22] Yellow paintballs were chosen because it is the color of the Support our troops ribbon.

Bilal first got the idea for "Domestic Tension" when his 21-year-old brother was killed by shrapnel in Najaf, and soon after his father died. The idea solidified after reading a news article about a U.S. soldier in Colorado who remotely fired missiles in Iraq. He originally considered calling the piece "Shoot an Iraqi," but decided that would be too incendiary.

The number of paintball shots greatly escalated after the work was reported on Digg.com. By the twentieth day, he had been shot at over 40,000 times, and hackers had programmed the gun to fire automatically. By the end, more than 60,000 people from 130 countries shot at him. Bilal lived in the room from May 4 until June 4; afterwards the room remained on display, uncleaned, until June 16.cite web|url=http://www.wafaabilal.com/closingmedia.html|title=Media alert|work=Wafaa Bilal official site|accessdate=2007-06-21]

Other works

He considers himself a political artist, dealing with war and oppression, and the Iraqi experience. He considers his main influence his experience growing up under the repression and violence of Baathist Iraq. He has also been inspired by his experiences of injustice and suffering in the United States. He has produced photographs and video installations that explore these emotions and conditions in hyperreality.cite web|title=Statement|author=Wafaa Bilal|url=http://www.crudeoils.us/wafaa/html/statement.htmlwork=Crudeoils|accessdate=2007-06-22]

For example, his work "Raze 213" had viewers smell a piece of meat decaying in acid; it was shut down by the New Mexico health authorities. It was a reference to a torture technique used by Saddam Hussein of dripping nitric acid randomly on prisoners. In August 2007 in San Francisco he will recreate rooms of destroyed houses from Iraq, covered in ash, some from human remains.

elected works

* "Sorrow of Baghdad" (1999)
* "Absinth Drinker"
* "Raze 213" (1999)
* "Mona Lisa" (2002)
* "A Bar at the Folies Begère" (2003)
* "Baiti "My Home" (2003)
* "One Chair" (2005)
* "Midwest Olympia" (2005)
* "Human Condition" (2005)
* "Domestic Tension" (2007)

Notes

External links

* [http://wafaabilal.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.networkperformancedaily.com/2007/05/interview_with_wafaa_bilal_les.html Interview with Bilal from Network Performance Daily]
* [http://www.youtube.com/mewafaa Wafaa Bilal] 's page at YouTube, including daily dispatches from "Domestic Tension"