Abdallah El-Yafi

Infobox Prime Minister
name = Abdallah El-Yafi

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nationality = Lebanese
order = Prime Minister of Lebanon
birth_date = September 7, 1901
birth_place = Beirut, Lebanon
death_date = death date|1986|11|4|df=y (aged 85)
death_place = Beirut, Lebanon
spouse = Hind El-Azm
post = Prime Minister
occupation = Lawyer
party = Independent
constituency =
religion = Islam (Sunni)

Abdallah El-Yafi ( _ar. عبد الله اليافي - also transliterated as Abdallah Yafi, Abdallah Bey Aref el-Yafi and other variants; September 7 1901 – November 4 1986) was the Prime Minister of Lebanon for 12 terms between 1939 and 1969.

Early life and education

Abdallah El-Yafi was born in Beirut, Lebanon on September 7, 1901 into a Muslim Sunni family to parents Aref El-Yafi and Jamila Ostwani, a Damascene. Raised with two brothers, he first attended Sheikh Abbas School, a Muslim elementary school, then "Pères Jésuites" (Jesuit Fathers), a Roman Catholic school, and went on to earn his French Baccalaureate Degree. He pursued his advanced studies in law at the "Pères Jésuites" and earned a Juris Doctor.

In 1923, Abdallah El-Yafi enrolled in a PhD program at La Sorbonne University in Paris, France from which he graduated in 1926. El-Yafi's political involvement lasted throughout his school years. He was President of the Arab Students Association, ( _fr. Président de l'Association des étudiants Arabes) and was militating in France against the French Mandate which was then in place in Lebanon. He was known for organizing political demonstrations and giving fiery speeches, which once led to his arrest by the French Authorities only to be released a couple of days later.

Abdallah El-Yafi is the first Arab to receive a PhD from the Sorbonne University, where he wrote his thesis about women’s rights in Islam. The thesis subject was "The Legal Status of Women in the Law of Islam" ( _fr. La Condition Privée de la Femme dans le Droit de l'Islam). Drawing from Quranic decrees and Islamic principles, he made a case about how women are supposed to be allotted more rights in society.

Abdallah El-Yafi was known to be a man of strong and correct principles, who believed that the empowerment of women was crucial for building a stronger society, equality providing a steadier base. These thoughts, when expressed in the 1920s, had quite an ‘avant-garde’ ring to conservative Muslim ears: they were not always welcome with wide open arms or minds. Later on in his political life, Abdallah El-Yafi’s political opponents brandished his thesis as a weapon of defamation to tarnish his reputation. According to them, he was not a “righteous Muslim” but a French minion who had given in to the French authorities—the colonial mandate authority in Lebanon at the time—in blaspheming the Islamic religion in reward of a “Doctorat d’État”. All of this was false propaganda aimed at ruining the righteous, honest image that he so carefully cultivated throughout his life.

Personal life

On August 1, 1937, in Damascus, Abdallah El-Yafi married Hind El-Azm, a Damascene from one of the most prominent political families in Syria. Her uncle was Prime Minister of Syria himself. They have five children:

*Ghada El-Yafi (born 1939), a physician hematologist, who ran for Lebanese Parliament in year 2000. She has one daughter: Hind Kaddoura fathered by Mohammad Kaddoura.
*Nahila El-Yafi (born 1942) is a physician ophtalmologist. Children: Tarek Al Hassan, Hisham Al Hassan and Zeinab Al Hassan fathered by Hani Al Hassan.
*Aref El-Yafi, (born 1944) the eldest son, is an entrepreneur. Spouse: Joumana Noueiri. Children: Abdallah El-Yafi, Ghaith El-Yafi, Sara El-Yafi and Firas El-Yafi.
*Wassek El-Yafi (born 1946) is a physician cardiologist. Children: Jamil El-Yafi and Walid El-Yafi
*Ghias El-Yafi (born 1949) is an entrepreneur. Spouse: Leila El-Azm. Children: Khaled Yafi and Tarek Yafi.

Political career

In 1933, for the first time, Abdallah El-Yafi ran for parliamentary elections in Beirut. He waded through the process because a good friend of his Khayreddin al-Ahdab was aiming for the same position. As the tension rose, Abdallah El-Yafi decided to step down stating "I will not sacrifice my friend for a parliamentary position".

Abdallah El-Yafi eventually went on to become Prime Minister of Lebanon twelve times. He was appointed Prime Minister in the government of every Lebanese President with the exception of Fouad Chehab because Abdallah El-Yafi was opposed to the idea of appointing a military general to the post of Presidency.

In 1947, Abdallah El-Yafi was appointed, alongside President of the Republic Camille Chamoun, to the Lebanese delegation to the UN that voted against the division of Palestine.

The last term he served as Prime Minister was in 1969. In 1974, President of Lebanon Suleiman Frangieh asked Abdallah El-Yafi to be the Prime Minister, he refused.

Famed for his integrity

In the civic education classes in Lebanese schools, students are taught a lesson on honesty and honor through the story of Abdallah El-Yafi whose unimpaired integrity was constantly cited as an example for all young people in Lebanon:

Abdallah El-Yafi was a young lawyer in October 1938, when then Lebanese President Emile Edde asked him to form a new government i.e. to become the new Prime Minister of the country. During his tenure, he closed his law cabinet because he wanted to separate public services from private services. But after just 8 months in office, he decided to resign over a governmental policy dispute.

In the morning of the day following his resignation, he woke up much earlier than usual and sat on the balcony meditating. His wife, who noticed his unusual early wake up, went to check on him. She saw him on the balcony sitting by himself with a tear on his cheek. Of course she was alarmed and immediately thought her husband was probably sad for having resigned the premiership. So she tried to console him by telling him - “To hell with the premiership, you are at the beginning of your political career, and time will come where they will beg you to serve again.” At that point, he cut her short and told her - “I’m not worried about the premiership, but I’m worried about how to announce to you that I will have to cancel our telephone subscription for lack of money in my possession given the fact that my law firm has been closed for eight months and I am without clients.” The point to be learned was that Abdallah El-Yafi would not take advantage of those powers he had because he was truly committed to honest public service. He wouldn’t get rich while serving in public office. He is famous for having once said to a man who asked him to join a prolific business project “I would never even dare give the chance to the smallest villager in the most remote town to even think that I made a benefit of one penny”.

Another story relates how a relative of his wife wanted Abdallah El-Yafi to grant him a license to build a tunnel in Dahr El-Baydar, an area in Mount Lebanon promising him a profit. Abdallah El-Yafi answered "Either you tell him to get out of my house now, or I may throw him down the stairs".

End of life

Abdallah El-Yafi was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease at an old age. His sight got worse as he grew older, and therefore stopped reading, which let him degenerate further more into Alzheimer's. He died in Beirut, in his home, on November 4 1986.