- MOS Technology 6551
The 6551 Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter (ACIA) was an
integrated circuit made byMOS Technology . It served as a companionUART chip for the widely popular 6502microprocessor . Intended to implementRS-232 , its specifications called for a maximum speed of 19,200bits per second . It was used in theCommodore PET ,Commodore Plus/4 ,Apple Computer 's Super Serial Card for theApple II family , and possibly other lesser-known computers.Commodore International omitted the 6551 from the popular VIC-20, C64, and C128home computer s. Instead, these systems implemented abit-banging UART viaKERNAL routines. This RS-232 implementation was not reliable over 1200 bit/s (see errata comments in the6526 article), forcing some programmers ofterminal program s to write carefully calibrated custom serial routines. The popular terminal program NovaTerm was able to achieve 4800 bit/s on the C64, and DesTerm achieved 9600 bit/s on the C128. Several other terminal programs achieved 2400 bit/s.Several companies, including
Dr. Evil Labs andCreative Micro Designs , marketed an add-on cartridge containing a 6551 and an industry-standard RS-232 port to allow the C64 and 128 to use high-speed modems from companies such asU.S. Robotics andHayes Communications . The Dr. Evil and CMD cartridges pushed the 6551 to a maximum speed of 38,400, and with a faster-still clock crystal, some end users reported getting 115,200 bit/s out of the chip.Variants
The Rockwell 65C52 combines two 6551s on a chip.
Novaterm 9.6 on a Commodore 64 or 128, can achieve a maximum rate of 9600 bit/s on the user port, using an EZ-232 interface, designed by Jim Brain.
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