- Tiwa people
The Tiwa are group of related
Tanoan pueblo people s inNew Mexico andTexas . They traditionally spoke one of threeTiwa languages (although some speakers have switched to Spanish and/or English) and are divided into the two Northern Tiwa groups, Taos and Picuris, in Taos andPicuris , and the Southern Tiwa in Isleta and Sandia, around what is nowAlbuquerque , and near El Paso.Name
"Tiwa" is the English name for these peoples, which is derived from the Spanish term "Tigua" and put into use by
Frederick Webb Hodge . The Spanish term has also been used in English writings although the term "Tiwa" now is dominant.In Spanish "Tigua" only was applied to the Southern Tiwa groups (in Tiguex territory). Spanish variants of "Tigua" include "Cheguas", "Chiguas", "Téoas", "Tiguas", "Tigües", "Tiguesh", "Tigüex", "Tiguex", "Tigüez", "Tihuex", "Tioas", "Tziquis". The names "Atzigues", "Atziqui", "Tihues", and "Tziquis" were originally applied to the
Piro but later writers confused these terms for the Piro with the terms for the Southern Tiwa. A further confusion is with some of the terms for theTewa ("Tegua", "Tehuas", "Teoas") being applied to both the Tewa and (Southern) Tiwa indiscrimately. The forms "Tiguesh", "Tigüex", and "Tiguex" are meant to represent a pronunciation of IPA| [tiweʃ] which the supposedly an Isletan term meaning "Isletan" according toAdolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier . The term "Tiguan" is usually given instead Bandelier's "Tigüex" — this being a representation of the Isletan term for "Southern Tiwas" and recorded in modern times as "Tíwan" with the term "Tiwáde" for the singular "(a) Southern Tiwa" (J. P. Harrington recorded the singular as "Tiwa" and said that "Tiwa/Tiwan" could also be used to refer to Northern Tiwas).History
The Tiwa are first mentioned by Coronado in 1541, and a pueblo (town) referred to by him as both Tigua and Tiguex was most likely Kuaua, but possibly Puaray. Coronado fought the
Tiguex War against 12 of the southern Tiwa pueblos around what is nowAlbuquerque , which together with the diseases the Spanish brought, resulted in the abandonment of many of the villages.In February 1583, the merchant Antonio de Espejo came up the
Rio Grande to Tiguex (Kuaua), and Puaray (Espejo's own statement).ee also
*
Tiwa languages References
* Cannon, Cornelia James (1931) "Lazaro in the pueblos: the story of Antonio de Espejo's expedition into New Mexico" Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, [http://worldcat.org/oclc/1965297 OCLC 1965297]
External links
* [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/pueblo/tiguaindianhist.htm "Tigua Indian Tribe History" "Handbook of American Indians" 1906]
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