- Shimazu Yoshihiro
was the second son of
Shimazu Takahisa and younger brother ofShimazu Yoshihisa . It had traditionally been believed that he became the seventeenth head of theShimazu clan after Yoshihisa, but it is currently believed that he let Yoshihisa keep his position.He was a skilled general and the victory against
Ito clan at thebattle of Kigasakihara on 1572 is counted as one of his many victories. He contributed greatly to the unification ofKyūshū . On 1587, facingToyotomi Hideyoshi 's troops that sought to pacify Kyūshū, Yoshihiro pressed for a war even after his brother and the head of clan Yoshihisa surrendered. After Yoshihisa repeatedly asked for the surrender, Yoshihiro finally did surrender. After Yoshihisa became a Buddhist monk, it had been believed that he became the head of the clan but the real power remained in Yoshihisa's hands.He had been a willing and a skillful general for Hideyoshi. On both 1592 and 1597 of the Seven-Year War, Yoshihiro set his foot on the Korean peninsula and successfully carried out a series of battles. On 1597, working together with
Todo Takatora ,Katō Yoshiaki andKonishi Yukinaga , Yoshihiro defeatedWon Kyun 's navy, killing the commander Won Kyun in the battle. At the battle of Sacheon (泗川) in 1598, facing Ming army counting 37,000, Yoshihiro defeated them with only 7,000 soldiers and killed several thousands in the battle. Shimazu troop under Yoshihiro was called "Oni-Shimazu(literal translation-Shimazu demons or Shimazu ogres)" by Ming. On the final battle of the war, theBattle of Noryang , Yoshihiro's fleet of 500 ships were completely routed by the combined Chosun/Ming navy underYi Sun-Sin and Chen Lin . By the end of the battle, 200 out of the 500 Japanese vessels were sunk by a combined fleet of 80 Korean and 60 Chinese ships, resulting in one of Yoshihiro's greatest losses in this Korean campaign.For the
Battle of Sekigahara on 1600, Yoshihiro was supposed to take the side ofTokugawa Ieyasu , but he crushed againstTorii Mototada on arriving for a rescue atFushimi Castle and after being humiliated, took the side ofIshida Mitsunari instead. Yet Yoshihiro could not get along with Mitsunari as well, who did not listen to any of Yoshihiro's plan including surprise night attack on the day before the actual battle. On the day of the battle, Yoshihiro and his troop of 1500 simply held ground and did not fight at all. After the rest of Mitsunari's side was wiped out, Yoshihiro was stranded in at least 30,000 of Ieyasu's troop. Vastly outnumbered, Yoshihiro tried to make a charge against Ieyasu himself but afterShimazu Toyohisa demanded that he not kill himself over a meaningless battle, Yoshihiro instead chose to charge straight through Ieyasu's troop to make an exit at the other side. By having his troop make a fighting retreat called "Sutegamari"(捨て奸) where until certain number of men died holding a position and repelling an attack, the main body of army fought as well. Toyohisa and the bulk of troop died, but the charge and the retreat was a success and fatally woundedIi Naomasa . After beating back the chase, he picked up his wife at Sumiyoshi ofSettsu Province and returned toSatsuma Province by ships.After recognizing why and how Yoshihiro behaved on the battle field, Ieyasu had
Shimazu clan retain its domain and let Yoshihiro's sonShimazu Tadatsune succeed him. Yoshihiro retired toSakurajima and took up teaching younger generations. He died on 1619 and several of his retainers who had fought along him followed him by committingsuicide .Yoshihiro was essential to the
Shimazu clan and both Ieyasu and Hideyoshi tried to divide the clan by treating Yoshihiro well, but treating the elder brother Yoshihisa badly, which did not succeed. He was a devotedBuddhist , and built a monument for enemy troops during the Seven-Year War.Yoshihiro in Popular Culture
See People of the Sengoku period in popular culture.
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