USS Weehawken (1862)

The first USS "Weehawken" was a single-turreted monitor in the United States Navy during the American Civil War.

"Weehawken" was launched on 5 November 1862 at Jersey City, New Jersey, by Zeno Secor & Company; sponsored by Miss Nellie Cornstock; and commissioned on 18 January 1863, Captain John Rodgers in command.

The "Passaic"-class "Weehawken" was an improved and enlarged version of "Monitor". Accompanied by "Iroquois" and towed by "Boardman", she departed New York on 18 January 1863, bound for Port Royal, South Carolina, and duty with the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. The three vessels encountered gale force winds and high seas off the New Jersey coast on 20 January. "Iroquois" and "Boardman" headed for sheltered waters; but Rodgers pressed on in "Weehawken". The "Passaic" ironclads differed from the original "Monitor" in having less deck overhang and a rounded lower hull. This enabled "Weehawken", unlike her famous prototype, to ride out a heavy sea with relative ease. Rodgers reported that "the behavior of the vessel was easy, buoyant, and indicative of thorough safety." "Weehawken" put into Norfolk for minor repairs, leaving on 1 February 1863 in tow of screw steamer "Lodona". She arrived at Port Royal on 5 February 1863, and deployed in the blockade off Charleston, South Carolina.

On 7 April 1863, "Weehawken" led the Union fleet in the first major naval assault against Confederate installations in Charleston harbor. The attack failed miserably, and the fleet withdrew after only 40 minutes. During the action, "Weehawken" took 53 hits and had a torpedo (naval mine) explode beneath her keel without suffering serious damage. Shortly after the attack, Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren replaced Rear Admiral Samuel F. DuPont as commander of the squadron.

After repairs, "Weehawken" proceeded to Wassaw Sound, Georgia, on 10 June 1863 to block the expected sortie of ironclad CSS "Atlanta". The Confederate ram and two escort steamers showed themselves early on the morning of 17 June 1863. "Weehawken" and "Nahant" weighed anchor to meet "Atlanta" which ran hard aground only moments after entering the sound. "Weehawken" commenced firing at 05:15 and ceased a quarter of an hour later when the Confederate vessel surrendered. With only five shots, Rodgers blew the roof off "Atlanta"'s pilothouse and pierced the grounded ram's casemate, putting two gun crews out of action. Capt. Rodgers became a national hero and received commendations from Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles, President Abraham Lincoln, and Congress. He was promoted to commodore and ordered north to command the new ironclad "Dictator". Both "Weehawken" and "Atlanta" returned to Port Royal.

"Weehawken" resumed operations against Confederate strongholds in and around Charleston harbor. On 10 and 11 July 1863, Union ironclads "Catskill", "Montauk", "Nahant", and "Weehawken" shelled Confederate batteries at Fort Wagner on Morris Island, South Carolina, to cover an Army amphibious landing under Brigadier General Quincy A. Gillmore. Despite additional bombardments on 18 and 24 July, the monitors failed to silence the fort, leaving General Gillmore's troops pinned down on the beach caught between a murderous hail of cross fire. Fort Wagner was finally reduced during a naval bombardment of Forts Gregg, Sumter, and Moultrie on 17 August 1863.

"Weehawken", "Montauk", "Nahant", "Passaic", and "Patapsco" now took aim at Fort Sumter, pounding it to rubble during two separate bombardments on 23 August and 1 and 2 September 1863. Admiral Dahlgren demanded Sumter's surrender on 7 September and ordered "Weehawken" to deploy in a narrow channel between the fort and Cumming's Point on Morris Island. There, "Weehawken" grounded, taking concentrated gunfire from Fort Moultrie and Sullivan's and James Island. The vessel was refloated with the help of tugs on 8 September, and received a "Well done!" from Admiral Dahlgren for outstanding defensive gunnery while aground. "Weehawken" repaired at Port Royal until 4 October 1863, then returned to Charleston for routine patrol duty in the harbor.

The next two months were uneventful, and "Weehawken" lay anchored off Morris Island during a moderate gale early on the morning of 6 December 1863. Suddenly, the ironclad signalled for assistance and appeared to observers ashore to be sinking. Attempts to beach the vessel failed, and she sank bow first five minutes later in 30 feet of water. A court of inquiry found that "Weehawken" had recently taken on a considerable amount of heavy ammunition in her forward compartments. This change excessively reduced her forward freeboard, causing water to rush down an open hawse pipe and hatch during the storm. As the bow sank, and the stern rose, water could not flow aft to the pumps and the vessel foundered.

Four officers and 27 enlisted men drowned aboard "Weehawken".

References

DANFS
"Additional technical data from" cite book
last = Gardiner
first = Robert
coauthors =
title = Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905
publisher = Conway Maritime Press
year = 1979
pages = p. 120
month =
isbn = 0 85177 133 5

External links

* [http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/w4/weehawken-i.htm history.navy.mil: USS "Nahant"]
* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/01/weehawken.htm navsource.org: USS "Nahant"]
* [http://www.hazegray.org/danfs/monitors/weehawke.htm hazegray.org: USS "Nahant"]