- Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Chichester
Infobox Person
name = Sir Arthur Chichester
caption =
birth_date = 1563
birth_place =Pilton, Devon
death_date =February 19 ,1625
death_place =London Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Chichester (May 1563 –
19 February 1625 ), known between 1596 and 1613 as Sir Arthur Chichester, was an English administrator and soldier, best known as theLord Deputy of Ireland from 1604 to 1615.Early life
Chichester's parents were Sir John Chichester and the former Gertrude Courtenay, daughter of Sir William Courtenay, of the Earls of Devon. After attending Exeter College, Oxford, Chichester commanded HMS "Larke" against the
Spanish Armada in 1588. In 1595 he accompanied SirFrancis Drake on his last expedition to the Americas. Later in the Anglo–Spanish War he commanded a company during the 1596 raid onCádiz , for which he was knighted. [ [http://www.thepeerage.com/p20599.htm thepeerage.com] ] [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Arthur_Chichester,_baron_Chichester_of_Belfast 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica] ]Ireland
His career in
Ireland began when the Earl of Essex appointed him Governor ofCarrickfergus in 1598, upon the death of his brother Sir John Chichester. John Chichester had been killed at theBattle of Carrickfergus the previous year. It is said that John Chichester was decapitated, his head being used as a football by the MacDonnell clan after their victory. James Sorley MacDonnell, commander of the clan's forces at the Battle of Carrickfergus, was poisoned inDunluce Castle on the orders of Robert Cecil to placate Chichester. [ [http://www.theflightoftheearls.net/chichester4.htm theflightoftheearls.net] ] During the Nine Years' War he commanded crown troops inUlster . His tactics included ascorched earth policy. He also encircled O'Neill's forces with garrisons, effectively starving the Earl's troops. In a 1600 letter to Cecil he stated "a million swords will not do them so much harm as one winter's famine". While these tactics were not initially devised by Chichester, he carried them out ruthlessly, gaining a hate-figure status among the Irish.In 1604 he succeeded Lord Mountjoy as Lord Deputy of Ireland. A year later he married Lettice Perrot. She was the daughter of
John Perrot , a former Lord Deputy of Ireland. They had one child the following year, who died in infancy.Lord Deputy Chichester saw Irish Catholicism as a major threat to the crown. He oversaw widespread persecution of Catholics, and ordered the execution of two bishops.
Following the
Flight of the Earls in 1607, Chichester was a leading figure during thePlantation of Ulster . Initially he intended that the number of Scottish planters would be small, with native Irish landowners gaining more land. However, after a rebellion in Donegal in 1608, his plans changed and all the native lords lost their land. Most of the land was awarded to wealthy landowners from England and Scotland. However Chichester successfully campaigned to award veterans of the Nine Years' War land as well, funded by the London Livery Companies.Later life
Chichester was instrumental in the founding and expansion of
Belfast , now Northern Ireland's capital. In 1611 he built a castle on the site of an earlier 12th century NormanMotte-and-bailey . [ [http://www.belfastcastle.co.uk/history.asp History of Belfast Castle] ] In 1613 he was given the title Baron Chichester of Belfast. In 1614 ill health led to his retirement. In his final years be built a mansion in Carrickfergus and served as an ambassador to theHabsburg Empire .He died from pleurisy in London in 1625. He was buried seven months later in St Nicholas' Church, Carrickfergus. He was succeeded as Baron Chichester by his younger brother Edward. Edward's son was also named Arthur Chichester and was the first
Earl of Donegall . The family's influence in Belfast is still evident. Several streets are named in their honour, includingDonegall Place , site of theBelfast City Hall and the adjacent Chichester Street.References
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