BX (sternwheeler)

The BX sternwheeler was the first of two river steamers built for service on the upper Fraser River by the BC Express Company during the busy era of Grand Trunk Pacific Railway construction.The "BX" was built at Soda Creek in early 1910 by Alexander Watson Jr, of Victoria, who was one of British Columbia's foremost shipbuilders and the son of the man who had built the "Charlotte".cite book|last=West|first=Willis|title=The BX and the Rush to Fort George|year=1949|publisher=British Columbia Historical Quarterly] rp|148-149The BC Express Company also hired Captain Owen Forrester Browne to be the master of the "BX" as he was the most experienced upper Fraser River pilot.cite book |last=Koppel |first=Tom |title=Kanaka:The Untold Story of Hawaiian Pioneers in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest|year=1995|publisher=Whitecap Books|isbn=1-55110-295-1] rp|102-104

Construction

Captain Browne worked with Alexander Watson throughout the design and construction phases of the "BX".rp|148 Watson purchased the "BX's" boiler, engines and other equipment from the Chicago Marine Ironworks Company,rp|149 who were informed that the "BX's" construction site at Soda Creek was convert|167|mi|km away from the railway at Ashcroft and therefore the equipment would have to be hauled by horse drawn freighters for that distance. Chicago Marine decided to build the boiler in sections, the heaviest piece was less than convert|10000|lb|abbr=on, so it was easily transported to the construction site.rp|149 They also supplied two compound condensing engines for the "BX" which would use half the fuel of a single engine of similar power. These engines gave the "BX" an enormous advantage over the other sternwheelers that were on the river at this time, as it cut down on both the labor needed to load the wood and the cargo space required to carry it.cite book |last=West |first=Willis|title=Stagecoach and Sternwheel Days in the Cariboo and Central BC|year=1985|publisher=Heritage House|isbn=0-919214-68-1] rp|41-43It was later estimated that these engines saved the "BX" a sum equal to the amount of her construction, $54,531.33.rp|156

RMS "BX" under construction in 1910For the hull, Watson turned to local man, William Lyne, who was a portable sawmill operator.rp|148-149Lyne was instructed to find a good stand of fir and cut the necessary timbers and planks. Intending to build a steamer with the lightest draught possible, Watson built the rest of the "BX" out of first grade cedar, shipped up from Victoria. Construction began in February when Watson arrived with a crew of fifty carpenters, joiners and labourers and work was begun on the hull.rp|150 [citation|publisher=Ashcroft, BC|title=BC Mining Journal|year=February 26, 1910]

At the end of March, a near catastrophe occurred. The ice on the Fraser suddenly broke up and piled up at Soda Creek Canyon, a quarter mile from the "BX's" construction site. The river overflowed its banks and chunks of ice were deposited all over the site. The rushing water knocked the "BX" off its blocks and swept many of the tools and supplies out of the warehouse and down into the river. Luckily the workers had heard the ice breaking up in the canyon and had been able to scramble to higher ground and safety.rp|149 When the floodwaters receded, Watson was able to inspect the "BX" and found that the only damage done was some twisted and broken timbers that were quickly replaced. The company swiftly shipped up the replacement tools and supplies from Ashcroft and work resumed once more.rp|150

When the "BX" was completed, she had three decks, with stateroom accommodation for 70 passengers and could also carry another 60 deck passengers.rp|43 The staterooms featured steam heat, hot and cold running water, fine quality bedding and attractive wall and floor coverings. Her dining room could seat 50 and was lavishly furnished, right down to the plates, which were specially ordered from England and monogrammed in the BX Company's colors: red, yellow and white. [cite book|last=Christensen |first=Bev |title=Prince George: Rivers, Railways and Timber|year=1989|publisher=Windsor Publications
isbn=0-89781-266-2|page=30] Off the ladies cabin above the covered paddlewheel a bridal chamber was built, which contained, among other luxuries, a double brass bed and a silk eiderdown worth $150. Many dignitaries, including Premier Richard McBride [citation|publisher=South Fort George, BC|title=Fort George Herald|date=August 27,1910] would travel in the comfort of this sumptuous suite.rp|51-52

Maiden voyage

The "BX" was launched at Soda Creek on Friday May 13th, 1910, without ceremony.rp|152,153 Many people of a superstitious bent, especially the shipyard workers, criticized Watson and Browne for choosing to launch a ship on a Friday the 13th. The BC Express Company mollified the workers by explaining that it was the company's lucky day.rp|153

Watson and Browne were pleased with how the "BX" sat in the water, her draught was only convert|16|in|mm at the bow and convert|20|in|mm at her deepest part. Even fully loaded, with a hundred tons of freight, she only sat 30 inches into the water.cite book |last=West |first=Willis|title=Stagecoach and Sternwheel Days in the Cariboo and Central BC|year=1985|publisher=Heritage House|isbn=0-919214-68-1] rp|43

She left Soda Creek for her first trip upstream on May 23rd, leaving at the break of day and arriving in Quesnel at 11 am.rp|152, 153 Captain Browne made semi-weekly trips between Quesnel and Soda Creek until June 23rd when he decided that the "BX" was ready for testing in the two canyons between Quesnel and Fort George, the Cottonwood Canyon and the Fort George Canyon. He left Quesnel at 1pm and upon arriving at the Cottonwood Canyon, offloaded the passengers and lined through using the steam capstan. However, Browne soon realized that the light and powerful "BX" did not need to line through and could run the canyons unaided. By law passengers were forced to disembark and walk around any canyon that a steamer was lining through and be picked up on the other side. However, by the fall of 1910, the federal steamboat inspector decided that the "BX" was allowed to keep her passengers on board.rp|48 This gave her a huge advantage over her rivals, all of which had to line through both canyons, wasting time and fuel as well as inconveniencing the passengers.rp|51-52

The "BX" arrived in South Fort George on June 24th,rp|156 to a warm welcome from the local populace. The steamer landing on the Fraser had been there since 1909 and was already used by the "Charlotte", "Chilco" and "Quesnel". Nevertheless, local residents had been anticipating the day of the "BX's" arrival to see where the company would choose to have its landing and where it would build its office and warehouse. Many local business decisions were going to be based on this, as it was widely and correctly assumed that the "BX" would be bringing up the bulk of the passengers and landseekers from the south.rp|161 One businessman, hotelier Al Johnson, was waiting for this information so he would know where to build Fort George's first licensed hotel, the Hotel Northern.rp|162 The promoters of South Fort George were well aware of the huge benefit it would be to have the landing at their town-site, so the day after the "BX" arrived they offered the BC Express Company free lots of their choice in South Fort George.rp|49-50 The company accepted the offer and construction on the facilities was begun. This would be a huge disappointment to South Fort George's rival town-site, Central Fort George on the Nechako River, which had hoped for the BC Express's landing and offices for itself. George Hammond, the promoter for Central, made the best he could out of a bad situation and hired a representative for the Central town-site and had him travel on the "BX" and promote Central to the passengers before they arrived in South Fort George.rp|163 [citation|publisher=South Fort George, BC|title=Fort George Herald|date=October 1,1910]

The route

Once the "BX" had been successfully tested in the canyons, she began a semi-weekly passenger and mail service from Soda Creek to Fort George.rp|158 The "BX" would meet the company horse stages or automobiles at Soda Creek and would leave at 3am on Sundays and Wednesdays, arriving in Quesnel at noon, offload cargo and passengers and continue upriver until dark. The next day she would start again at dawn and arrive in Fort George around 11am. The return trips downriver were much faster, the "BX" would leave Fort George on Tuesdays and Saturdays at 7am and arrive in Soda Creek at 4pm the same day. She made good speed through the canyons, often as fast as convert|30|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on.rp|159

In 1910, the stage fare from Ashcroft to Soda Creek was $27.50, steamer fare from there to Fort George was $17.50, meals were 75 cents and berths, $1.50.rp|51 Along the route, if a settler needed the "BX" to stop, they simply raised a white flag along the riverbank and the steamer would pull over and land. A white flag was never ignored,rp|52 it might only be a settler wanting to ship some produce to market, or it could be a sick child that needed emergency transportation to a hospital.rp|51

Late in 1910, the "BX" fulfilled a heroic role. The "Chilco" had been on its way up from Quesnel to Fort George in late November with Fort George's winter food supply when it met with an accident just above the Cottonwood Canyon and the food had to be transported back to Quesnel.rp|53 When news of this reached Fort George, pioneers Al Johnson and Russell Peden snow-shoed down to Quesnel to petition Captain Browne to make one last run with the "BX" with the necessary supplies. By then ice had begun to form along the river, but Captain Browne consented and brought the "BX" to Fort George, without as much as a scratch on her paint.rp|166.

1911 was a busy year as more settlers poured into the district, and in 1912, the "BX" was joined by her sister ship, the "BC Express", which under the command of Captain Joseph Bucey, had been built for service on the Fort George to Tête Jaune Cache section of the upper Fraser.rp|51 However, that year the Fraser was very low and all the sternwheelers had trouble. The "BX" rammed the same rock twice in the Fort George Canyon, until her crew, in case of frustrated over-exuberance, dynamited the offending boulder, thereby breaking every window in the "BX" in the process. [citation|publisher=South Fort George, BC|title=Fort George Herald|date=October 8th,1911] cite book |last=Downs |first=Art |title=Paddlewheels on the Frontier Volume 1|year=1971|publisher=Foremost Publishing|isbn=0888260334] rp|52

But 1912 also brought some very good news for all the local river steamers, and the area in general. It was announced that another railway was going to be built, the Pacific Great Eastern which would run from Vancouver to Fort George and eventually beyond to the Peace River country.rp|54 Foley, Welch and Stewart would be the contractors for this railway as well and they planned to build the grade along the upper Fraser River from Fort George to Soda Creek so that sternwheelers could be used to aid in its construction. [cite book|last=Leonard|first=Frank|title=A Thousand Blunders: The History of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway in Northern British Columbia|year=1996|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=0-7748-0552-8|page=49]

In 1914, the construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific was finished and construction on the Pacific Great Eastern began and the Foley, Welch and Stewart boats, the "Operator" and the "Conveyor" joined the "BX" and the "BC Express" on the route between Soda Creek and Fort George.cite book |last=Downs |first=Art |title=Paddlewheels on the Frontier Volume 1|year=1971|publisher=Foremost Publishing|isbn=0888260334] rp|53By then, the rivalry between the FW&S boats and the BC Express boats was quite heated and it soon came down to a race.rp|212-217 The "Conveyor" had proved itself to be swifter than its sister ship "Operator", as had the "BX" proven swifter than the "BC Express", so one day in July, the "Conveyor's" Captain Shannon challenged Captain Browne to a race to Quesnel from Soda Creek. The rules were rather odd, as the "BX" was still obligated to stop and deliver her mail at several different landings whereas the "Conveyor" had no such obligation and could run right through. As the race progressed, it soon became obvious to all that the "BX" was the faster boat, as she had stayed ahead for most of the race, despite having to stop several times. At one landing the "BX" had more mail to deliver than usual and had fallen behind the "Conveyor", but she soon caught up and was passing her opponent when Captain Johnson rammed the "BX" with the "Conveyor". Captain Browne immediately pulled over to inspect his boat for damages and the "Conveyor" pulled ahead again. Fortunately Browne soon discovered that the "Conveyor" had hit the "BX" just where the shear of her guards met and that there was no serious damage. In fact, when Browne arrived in Quesnel, he had almost caught up with the "Conveyor" again. When the full tale was heard by the local populace, it was unanimously agreed that the "BX" was the winner and she was declared the "Speed Queen of the Fraser". Captain Shannon, meanwhile was apologetic, and had stated that he just got caught up in the moment.cite book |last=Downs |first=Art |title=Paddlewheels on the Frontier Volume 1|year=1971|publisher=Foremost Publishing|isbn=0888260334] rp|57,58rp|86-91

That would be the last race on the upper Fraser River, because that August would bring the onset of the Great War and the halting of construction of the Pacific Great Eastern.rp|92

The end of an era

In 1915, only the "BX" was used on the upper Fraser River, with the "BC Express" reserved for special trips. Despite having a monopoly on river traffic, the "BX" finished the season with a $7000 loss.rp|92

In 1916 and 1917, sternwheelers were not used on the river at all. In 1918, after an appeal from the Quesnel Board of Trade, the provincial government granted the BC Express Company a $10,000 per year subsidy to continue river navigation from Soda Creek to Fort George.rp|93 The "BX" ran until August 30th, 1919, when she was punctured by an infamous rock called the "Woodpecker" and sank with a 100 tons of bagged cement intended for construction of the Deep Creek Bridge.rp|94 The BC Express Company, fully intending to salvage their prized craft, hired Alexander Watson Jr to rush up from Victoria to overhaul the "BC Express", which had been out of service since 1915, so she could go rescue the "BX". However, out at the site of the accident, it was discovered that the bags of cement had solidified and had to be separated before the "BX" could be raised and the salvage could not be completed before freeze-up. In the spring of 1920, the salvage work was completed and at a cost of $40,000rp|58 the "BX" was raised and patched sufficiently to get her back to Fort George. The newly overhauled "BC Express" pushed her back upstream through the Fort George Canyon and to the shipyard at Fort George. This would be the first time in the history of sternwheelers that one would push another upriver through a canyon.rp|225 That it could be accomplished was a fitting testament to the craftsmanship of Alexander Watson Jr and the skill of Captain Browne and Captain Bucey. [citation|publisher=Prince George, BC|title=Prince George Citizen|date=October 8, 1920] The "BC Express" ran until November 1920 and then it joined the "BX" on the riverbank at Fort George, where their hulls were abandoned. In a sense, they lived on, as their engines and equipment were shipped to Northern Alberta to work on the Mackenzie River for the Alberta and Arctic Transportation Company.rp|225

ee also

* Steamboats of the Upper Fraser River in British Columbia
* List of ships in British Columbia

References and further reading

* cite book
last=Downs
first=Art
title=Paddlewheels on the Frontier Volume 1
year=1971
publisher=Foremost Publishing
isbn=0888260334
* cite book
last=West
first=Willis
title=Stagecoach and Sternwheel Days in the Cariboo and Central BC
year=1985
publisher=Heritage House
isbn=0-919214-68-1
* cite book
last=West
first=Willis
title=The BX and the Rush to Fort George
year=1949
publisher=British Columbia Historical Quarterly
* cite book
last=Christensen
first=Bev
title=Prince George: Rivers, Railways and Timber
year=1989
publisher=Windsor Publications
isbn=0-89781-266-2
* cite book
last=Leonard
first=Frank
title=A Thousand Blunders: The History of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway in Northern British Columbia
year=1996
publisher=UBC Press
isbn=0-7748-0552-8
* cite book
last=Koppel
first=Tom
title=Kanaka:The Untold Story of Hawaiian Pioneers in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest
year=1995
publisher=Whitecap Books
isbn=1-55110-295-1
*cite book
last=Runnalls
first=Reverend Francis Edwin
title = A History of Prince George
year=1946
publisher=the author
location=Prince George

Notes