Heckler v. Campbell

Infobox SCOTUS case
Litigants=Heckler v. Campbell
ArgueDate=February 28
ArgueYear=1983
DecideDate=May 16
DecideYear=1983
FullName=Heckler, Secretary of Health and Human Services v. Campbell
USVol=461
USPage=458
Citation=103 S. Ct. 1952; 76 L. Ed. 2d 66; 1983 U.S. LEXIS 161
Prior=
Subsequent=
Holding=
SCOTUS=1981-1986
Majority=Powell
JoinMajority=Burger, Brennan, White, Blackmun, Rehnquist, Stevens, and O'Connor
Concurrence=Brennan
Dissent=Marshall
JoinDissent=
NotParticipating=
LawsApplied=Social Security Act

"Heckler v. Campbell", ussc|461|458|1983 was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court concerning whether the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services could rely on published medical-vocational guidelines to determine a claimant’s right to Social Security benefits.

In 1978, the Secretary of Health and Human Services promulgated regulations in order implement the statutory definition of disability. People who were disabled were separated into two groups: those who could not perform any gainful work and those with less severe impairments. For this second group, the Secretary promulgated guidelines to examine whether the claimant could perform either his former work or some less demanding employment by creating a matrix that evaluated four factors that had been identified by Congress: physical ability, age, education, and work experience. Information was also compiled about what jobs were available.

Carmen Campbell claimed she had a back condition that kept her from working at her former job as a hotel maid. Ms. Campbell had been born in Panama, and though she had limited ability to speak and write English, she could read and understand English fairly well. The Administrative Law Judge in her case found that by using the guidelines, there were a significant number of jobs that existed that Ms. Campbell could perform and concluded that she was not disabled.

Ms. Campbell's case was appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit which reversed saying that the guidelines did not provide evidence that specific alternative jobs existed, the determination that Ms. Campbell was disabled was not supported by substantial evidence as required by the Social Security Act.

In an opinion delivered by Justice Powell, the Supreme Court reversed the Second circuit saying that “ [w] here the statute expressly entrusts the Secretary with the responsibility for implementing a provision by regulation, review is limited to determining whether the regulations promulgated exceeded the Secretary’s statutory authority and whether they are arbitrary and capricious.” The court decided that even where an agency's enabling statute expressly required that it hold a hearing, the agency could rely on its rulemaking authority to determine issues that didn't require case-by-case considerations.

The court held that the Secretary’s reliance on the guidelines were not inconsistent with the Social Security Act, or that they were arbitrary and capricious.

Justice Brennan concurred but pointed out that the record contained very little evidence about Campbell's ability to do "light work."

Justice Marshall dissented essentially on the same ground.