- Enoch Sontonga
Enoch Mankayi Sontonga (ca.
1873 -18 April 1905 ) was the composer of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika " (God Bless Africa), which has been part of theSouth Africa nnational anthem since 1994. It was also the officialAfrican National Congress (ANC) anthem since 1925 and is still the national anthem ofTanzania andZambia . It was also sung inZimbabwe andNamibia for many years. Sontonga, aXhosa , was born in the city ofUitenhage in the Eastern Cape. He trained as a teacher at the Lovedale Institution and subsequently attended theMethodist Mission school in Nancefield, nearJohannesburg . He was also achoir master and aphotographer .The first verse and chorus of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" was composed in 1897 and first sung in public in 1899 at the
ordination of Reverend Boweni, a Methodist minister. Later the Xhosa poetSamuel Mqhayi wrote a further seven verses.The song was sung throughout South Africa by several choirs and it quickly became popular. On
8 January 1912 , at the first meeting of theSouth African Native National Congress (the forerunner of the African National Congress), it was sung after the closing prayer. The ANC adopted it as its official closing anthem in 1925.For many years the site of the grave of Sontonga was unknown, but it was finally located in the "
Christian " section of theBraamfontein cemetery in the early 1990s; one of the reasons why his grave could not be found is that it was listed under "Enoch" and not "Sontonga".On
24 September 1996 , the grave of Sontonga was declared a national monument and a memorial on the site was unveiled by PresidentNelson Mandela . At the same ceremony the South African Order of Meritorious Service (Gold) was bestowed on Enoch Sontonga posthumously. He was voted 65th in the Top 100 Great South Africans in 2004.See also
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Sol Plaatje
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