Permit (fish)

Permit (fish)

Taxobox
name = Permit


image_width =240px
image_caption =Permit
status= LC
status_system=iucn3.1
status_ref =IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Downloaded on 23 February 2008. ]
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Actinopterygii
ordo = Perciformes
familia = Carangidae
genus = Trachinotus
genus_authority =
species = "T. falcatus"
binomial = "Trachinotus falcatus"
binomial_authority = Linneaus, 1758
synonyms =
*"Labrus falcatus"The Permit, "Trachinotus falcatus", is a game fish of the western Atlantic ocean belonging to the Carangidae family. Adults feed on crabs, shrimp, and smaller fish.

Taxonomy

The Permit was first described by the "father of taxonomy", Carolus Linneaus in his tenth edition of the work "Systema Naturae", which was published in 1758. He originally classified it as "Labrus falcatus" though the fish has since been placed under the genus "Trachinotus". [cite web |url=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/permit/permit.html |title=Florida Museaum of Natural History|accessdate=2008-03-03]

Etymology

The Permit's genus name, "Trachinotus" comes from a fusion of the Greek words "trachys" ("Τραχψσ"), which means "rough", and "noton" ("Νοτον"), meaning "back." [Romero, P., 2002. An etymological dictionary of taxonomy. Madrid, unpublished. ] The species name for the Permit, "falcatus", is a Latin adjective, which roughly means "armed with scythes." This serves as a reference to the Permit's dorsal fin that occasionally protrudes from the water water when schools of Permit feed near the surface. [ [http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/permit/permit.html Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department: Permit ] ]

Description

Permits can be distinguished by their elongated dorsal fins and anterior fin. [cite web |url=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/permit/permit.html |title=Florida Museum of Natural History|accessdate=2008-03-03] The dorsal fin is shaped like a scythe. Permit tails are also deeply forked, and their bodies are compressed laterally, making the fish tall and thin when viewed from the front. [cite web |url=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/permit/permit.html |title=Florida Museum of Natural History|accessdate=2008-03-03]

The average Permit has six to seven dorsal spines, and eighteen to twenty one soft rays. The anal fin has two to three spines, and sixteen to eighteen soft rays [.cite web |url=http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.cfm?id=1010 |title=Fishbase.org|accessdate=2008-03-03] Both dorsal and anal fins have dark, anterior lobes. [Smith, C.L., 1997. National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. ] Permits have no scutes and have a large, orange-yellow patch on their abdomens in front of their anal fins, while their pectoral fins are dark [Randall, J.E., 1996. Caribbean reef fishes. Third edition - revised and enlarged. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 3nd ed. 368 p. ]

Distribution and habitat

Permit are usually found in shallow, tropical waters such as flats, channels, and muddy bottoms. [cite web |url=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/permit/permit.html |title=Florida Museaum of Natural History|accessdate=2008-03-03] They are usually seen as individuals or in small schools. [cite web |url=http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.cfm?id=1010 |title=Fishbase.org|accessdate=2008-03-03] Although Permit are found close to shore and even in some brackish areas, they spawn offshore. [Smith, C.L., 1997. National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. ] Young Permit are found usually in the surf zone where there are plenty of small invertebrates for them to feed on.

Permit are found in the western Atlantic ocean from Massachusetts to Brazil, including most of the Caribbean islands [cite web |url=http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.cfm?id=1010 |title=Fishbase.org|accessdate=2008-03-03] .

References

External links

*http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/permit/permit.html
*http://fishbull.noaa.gov/1001/cra.pdf
*http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.cfm?id=1010


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