U-boat War Badge

Infobox Military Award
name=U-Boat War Badge


caption=U-Boat War Badge from World War II
awarded_by=German Empire and Nazi Germany
type=Badge
eligibility=Military personnel only
for=Completing two or three U-boat war patrols
campaign=World War I
World War II
status=
description=
clasps=
established=February 1, 1918 and October 13, 1939
first_award=
last_award=
total=
posthumous=
recipients=
individual=
higher=U-boat Front Clasp
same=
lower=
related=


caption2=The U-Boat War Badge ( _de. U-Boots-Kriegsabzeichen) was an German war badge that was awarded to U-boat crew members during World War I and World War II.

History

The "U-boat War Badge" was originally instituted during the First World War on February 1, 1918. It was awarded to recognize U-boat crews who had completed three war patrols. The badge was worn on the lower left side of the uniform and was oval shaped resembling a wreath of laurel leaves. A submarine lay across the center and the Prussian Crown was inlaid at the top center of the wreath.

On October 13, 1939, the "U-boat War Badge" was reinstituted again, shortly after the war began. It was very similar to the original badge with the exception of the Prussian crown which was replaced with a German Eagle, a swastika was added, and a more modernized submarine now facing towards the left was used.

There were several ways to be awarded this medal. The most common would be the completion of two war patrols. Although the completion of two war patrols might seem a lowly requirement, but a typical U-boat war cruise would often run into months at a time. As a contrast, the Infantry Assault Badge was awarded after three combat actions, which meant that they could be earned on three separate actions all under a week. Completing two war patrols was not only longer, but it was equally dangerous as the U-boat has to endure constant attacks by allied aircraft and warships.

During the later part of the war, U-boat losses were so great that many crewmen never made it past the second war patrol. The other occasion when this badge was awarded was on completion of an especially successful first patrol or having been wounded or killed in action. In the event of death, the award was presented to the next of kin.

Classes

The award was bestowed in two classes:

U-Boat War Badge

The "U-boat War Badge" was given usually after two war patrols. Some of the very successful commanders were awarded the badge after only one patrol, like Rolf Thomsen onboard U-1202.

U-boat War Badge with Diamonds

The "U-boat War Badge with Diamonds" was a special issue award given to U-boat commanders who had received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. This award was not given based on certain merits and was not an official war decoration, but instead it was given as an additional token of regard to Oak Leaves recipients. It was usually presented after the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves was awarded.

It was instituted in 1941 and the badge was similar in design to the "U-boat War Badge". Manufactured by the firm of Schwerin in Berlin, it was made of gilding silver and had nine small diamonds inlaid on the swastika with the medal. Approximately 30 were awarded with Admiral Karl Dönitz being one of the recipients. He wore a special version in which the wreath as well as the swastika was inlaid with diamonds.

Recipients of the U-boat War badge with Diamonds

*"Fregattenkapitän" Albrecht Brandi
*"Korvettenkapitän" Heinrich Bleichrodt
*"Korvettenkapitän" Otto von Bülow
*"Admiral" Karl Dönitz
*"Korvettenkapitän" Carl Emmermann on 1 October 1943
*"Kapitanleutnant" Engelbert Endrass on 18 July 1941
*"Kapitänleutnant" Friedrich Guggenberger
*"Korvettenkapitän" Robert Gysae
*"Korvettenkapitän" Reinhard Hardegen on 7 May 1942
*"Kapitän zur See" Werner Hartmann
*"Korvettenkapitän" Werner Henke
*"Fregattenkapitän" Otto Kretschmer
*"Kapitänleutnant" Hans-Günther Lange
*"Korvettenkapitän" Georg Lassen
*"Fregattenkapitän" Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock
*"Fregattenkapitan" Heinrich Liebe
*"Kapitän zur See" Wolfgang Lüth
*"Korvettenkapitän" Johann Mohr
*"Kapitänleutnant" Rolf Mützelburg
*"Kapitän zur See" Karl-Friedrich Merten on 30 January 1943
*"Korvettenkapitän" Günther Prien
*"Kapitänleutnant" Joachim Schepke
*"Korvettenkapitän" Adalbert Schnee
*"Kapitän zur See" Klaus Scholtz
*"Kapitän zur See" Viktor Schütze
*"Korvettenkapitän" Herbert Schultze on 15 July 1941
*"Fregattenkapitän" Reinhard Suhren on 31 December 1941
*"Kapitänleutnant" Rolf Thomsen
*"Fregattenkapitän" Erich Topp on 11 April 1942

ee also

*Military decorations of the Third Reich

External links

* [http://www.uboataces.com/war-badge.shtml uboataces.com webpage about "U-Boat War Badge"]
* [http://www.uboat.net/men/decorations/ uboat.net webpage about decorations including "U-Boat War Badge"]
* [http://www.wehrmacht-awards.com/association/members/reference_articles/U_boat/U-boat1.php wehrmacht-awards.com webpage about "U-Boat War Badge"]
* [http://www.unterseeboote.co.uk/kriegsmarine1.htm webpage about "U-Boat War Badge" and other U-Boat awards]