The Skin Game (play)

"The Skin Game" is a play by the John Galsworthy. It was first performed at the St Martins Theatre, London in 1920. A film of the play, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, was made in 1931 .

Plot

The plot tells the story of the interaction between two very different families in rural England just after the end of the First World War. Squire Hillcrist lives in the manor house where his family has lived for generations. He has a daughter, Jill, who is in her late teens and a wife Amy - as well as servants and retainers. He is “old money” although his finances are at a bit of low ebb. The other family is the “nouveau riche” Hornblowers, headed by the single-minded and rich industrialist Hornblower who throws old retainers the Jackmans out of their home (much to the Squire’s disgust) and who plans to surround the Hillcrist’s rural estate with factories.

Hillcrist wants to preserve the last piece of open land (The Sentry) which adjoins their property but he is (as he sees it) tricked out of the land in an auction. The Hillcrists plan to get even with the upstart Hornblower and fortuitously learn a dark secret about Mr. Hornblower's daughter-in-law Chloe who had once supported herself as the “other party” in divorce cases. When he is told the news, Mr. Hornblower agrees to sell the property to the Hillcrists for less than half the auction price on the condition that the family swears to keep the secret, but the news leaks out via the unprincipled Dawker, Hillcrist’s Agent and Hornblower’s enemy.

Chloe Hornblower goes to the Hillcrists, begging them to help keep the secret from her husband, who is aware that something is going on, then hides behind a curtain when her husband storms into the Hillcrist home demanding to know the secret. Keeping his promise to Chloe, Mr. Hillcrist makes up a story, but the young Hornblower is not convinced and declares that he intends to end his marriage, even though Chloe is pregnant. Upon hearing this, Chloe runs to the lily pond outside the Hillcrist home and tries to drown herself. She is brought into the house and it is clear that she will live.

Quotations

*“When we began this fight, we had clean hands--are they clean' now? What's gentility worth if it can't stand fire?” (Hillcrist)
*”In old days we only knew their Christian names from their tombstones”. (Hillcrist)
*” Look here, Hillcrist, ye've not had occasion to understand men like me. I've got the guts, and I've got the money; and I don't sit still on it. I'm going ahead because I believe in meself. I've no use for sentiment and that sort of thing.” (Hornblower)
*”There is no reason why the ladies of your family or of mine should be involved in our quarrel. For Heaven's sake, let's fight like gentlemen.” (Hillcrist)
*” I told ye I was a bad man to be up against. Perhaps ye'll believe me now.” (Hornblower)
*”I know we are better people than these Hornblowers. Here we are going to stay, and they--are not. (Mrs Hillcrist)
*”When I deceived him, I'd have deceived God Himself--I was so desperate. You've never been right down in the mud. You can't understand what I've been through.” (Chloe)
*”What is it that gets loose when you begin a fight, and makes you what you think you're not? What blinding evil! Begin as you may, it ends in this --skin game! Skin game!” (Hillcrist)

List of characters

HILLCRIST ...............A Country Gentleman

AMY .....................His Wife

JILL ....................His Daughter

DAWKER ..................His Agent

HORNBLOWER ..............A Man Newly-Rich

CHARLES .................His Elder Son

CHLOE ...................Wife to Charles

ROLF ....................His Younger Son

FELLOWS .................Hillcrist's Butler

ANNA ....................Chloe's Maid

THE JACKMANS ............Man and Wife

AN AUCTIONEER

A SOLICITOR

TWO STRANGERS

Theme

*"Who touches pitch shall be defiled"

The Skin Game first appeared less than two years after the end of the First World War and although the war is not mentioned some see it as hanging over the drama. It was the aristocracy which created the war and the bungling of aristocratic Generals which caused loss of life on an unprecedented scale. The shambling Squire could be seen as a representative of this class and Hornblower as one who will not let the old style patrician class get them into such a mess again. But this is supposition – though supported by Hillcrist’s cry "“Who knows where things end when once they begin?”"

The attitudes of Hillcrist and his wife are Victorian and Galsworthy was deliberately pointing them out to be so. He was also signalling change in the depiction of the daughter Jill who is modern in her outlook and who, at the beginning of the play, argues for an accommodation rather than a standoff with the Hornblowers. The twenties were to be the age of the flapper and of the final abandonment of Victorian/Edwardian formality and values. It was also to be the era of the rise of the middle class – here represented by the ambitious Dawker and the comically skilful auctioneer (the auction scene is an amusing piece of comic writing providing a pleasant counterpoint to the darker happenings which dominate). Galsworthy’s magnum opus known as The Forsyte Saga was being completed at around the same time that he was writing The Skin Game and there are similar themes of social change and the breakdown of conventional class structures in both. The prescience of Galsworthy in foreseeing what was to come between the wars is remarkable.

So whilst the main characters are deliberate caricatures this allows an unequivocal conclusion that Galsworthy was not taking sides in the dispute – even wanting to put a plague on both their houses. The young people (Jill Hillcrist and Rolf Hornblower) are the most rationale and conciliatory characters and one feels comfortable that the future belongs to them not to their prejudiced parents. For some the 1920s might be seen as the last stand of the “Gentleman” before this notion was swept away by the forces that (for example) Evelyn Waugh was to describe in Brideshead Revisited. In Brideshead these forces are depicted by the uncouth Canadian Rex Mottram. Here it is the even rougher Hornblower who challenges the conventions of the past. "“Here ye are”" he says to Hillcrist, "“quite content on what your fathers made for ye. Ye've no ambitions; and ye want other people to have none.”"

elected production history

* 1965 - "The Skin Game" was broadcast on BBC radio, "Home" on 25th September 1965 with Wilfred Pickles and Leo Genn

ome recent productions

*2007 Orange Tree Theatre Richmond revival by Sam Walters [http://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/review.php/16330/the-skin-game]

Further study

Complete text of play available copyright free: [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/2917]