Faidherbia albida

Taxobox
name = "Faidherbia albida"


image_caption = "Faidherbia albida" growing with palms and maize crops
image_width = 250px
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Fabales
familia = Fabaceae
subfamilia = Mimosoideae
genus = "Faidherbia"
species = "F. albida"
binomial = "Faidherbia albida"
binomial_authority = (Delile) A.Chev.
range_

range_map_width = 240px
range_map_caption = Range of "Faidherbia albida"

"Faidherbia albida" (syn. "Acacia albida" Delile) is a species of "Faidherbia" native to Africa and the Middle East, formerly widely included in the genus "Acacia". It has also been introduced to India and Pakistan. Common names for it include Apple-ring Acacia, Ana Tree and Winter Thorn. [http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?sciname=Faidherbia+albida ILDIS LegumeWeb] ]

It is a thorny tree growing up to 6–30 m tall and 2 m in trunk diameter. Its deep-penetrating tap root makes it highly resistant to drought. The bark is grey, and fissured when old. There are 11000 seeds/kg. "Faidherbia albida" is not listed as being a threatened species.African Plants Database: [http://www.ville-ge.ch/cjb/bd/africa/details.php?langue=an&id=62154 "Faidherbia albida"] ] FAO: [http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/Q2190E/Q2190E10.htm Handbook on Seeds of Dry-Zone Acacias] ]

It grows in areas with 250-600mm/yr. of rain.

"Faiderbia albida" is known in the Bambara language as "balanzan", and is the official tree of the city of Segou, on the Niger River in central Mali. According to legend, Segou is home to 4,444 "balanzan" trees, plus one mysterious "missing tree" the location of which cannot be identified.

Cultivation and uses

"Faidherbia albida" is important for raising bees, since its flowers provide bee forage at the close of the rainy season, when most plants in the Sahel do not. [http://www.worldagroforestry.org/Sites/TreeDBS/aft/speciesPrinterFriendly.asp?Id=1 World AgroForestry] ]

The seed pods are very important for raising livestock and are used as camel fodder in Nigeria.

Its wood is used for canoes, pestles, and for firewood. The wood has a density of about 560 kg/m³ at a water content of 12%.FAO: [http://www.fao.org/docrep/V5360E/v5360e0f.htm Role of acacia species in the rural economy of dry Africa and the Near East] ] The energy value of the wood as fuel is 19.741 kJ/kg.

It is also used for nitrogen fixation, erosion control for crops, for food, drink and medicine. Unlike most other trees, it sheds its leaves in the rainy season; for this reason, it is highly valued in agroforestry as it can grow among field crops without shading them. It contains the psychoactive chemical compound dimethyltryptamine in its leaves. [http://shaman-australis.com.au/shop/index.php?cPath=21_26_72 Shaman Australis] ]

Medicinal uses

The tree has medicinal value for the treatment of infections such as those of the respiratory kind, also for malaria and fevers. It is useful in treating problems of the digestive system. The bark is employed in dental hygiene and its extract is employed in the treatment of toothache. The extract is also used to treat ocular infections in farm animals.

References

;Notes;General references
* [http://www.afae.org/html/98-204.html Africa: Forestry, Agroforestry and Environment]
* [http://www.hear.org/gcw/html/autogend/species/60.HTM Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)]
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Acacia_albida.html Purdue University New Crop Resource Online Program]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1960425.stm BBC News story on Mali's "Faidherbia albida" trees]

External links

* [http://wikiplants.com/wiki/tiki-index.php?page=Acacia%20%28Faidherbia%20A.%20Chev.%29 Faidherbia albida at wikiPlants.com]