Patrick Cullinan

Infobox Writer
name = Patrick Roland Cullinan


birthdate = Birth date and age|1932|5|21|df=yes
birthplace = Pretoria, South Africa
occupation = Poet, Biographer
nationality = South African
magnum opus =
influences = John Betjeman, W. B. Yeats, Eugenio Montale, Roy Campbell, Rimbaud, Dante
influenced =

Patrick Roland Cullinan (1932-) is a South African poet and biographer.

He was born in Pretoria into a significant diamond-mining family (his grandfather, Sir Thomas Cullinan, a diamond mine owner, gave his name to the Cullinan Diamond) and attended Charterhouse School and Oxford University in England (where he read Italian and Russian). After his studies, he returned to South Africa, where he worked as a sawmill owner in the Eastern Transvaal. With Lionel Abrahams, he founded the Bateleur Press in 1974, and the literary journal The Bloody Horse: Writings and the Arts in 1980. Through the journal (the title taken from a poem by Roy Campbell) Cullinan sought to re-establish the standing of poetry in South Africa.

Cullinan's poetry collections include "The Horizon Forty Miles Away" (1973), "Today Is Not Different" (1978), "The White Hail in the Orchard" (1984) and "Selected Poems 1961 - 1991" (1992). The volume "The White Hail in the Orchard" contains what Cullinan calls 'versions' by which he means loose translations from the Italian poetry of Eugenio Montale.

Cullinan accepted the fact that writers ought to have been involved in the fight against apartheid in South Africa, while acknowledging the fact that is it difficult to produce a satisfactory political poem. Criticism has been levelled at Cullinan - that his work, throughout the Apartheid years in South Africa, did not engage with "the struggle" against apartheid. In the first edition of The Bloody Horse, Cullinan wrote:

"To talk of 'literature', of good writing, of art may be obscene or almost obscene in a society as self-destructing, engrossed in conflict as this one is. But the important word is almost. For however cluttered by violence and potential annihilation a society may find itself, it is the writers and the artists who portray the reality of this process... There are multiple ways of telling the truth"." [cite web | url=http://northline.blogspot.com/2005/02/one-of-reasons-poetry-exists-is.html| title=Citation in blog 'North of the Latte Line'| date=2005-02-27 | work=Blog Comment ]

This may be as good an encapsulation as any of the position of Cullinan's poetry in its political context. Cullinan believed that it was "the fanatical belief that politics is more important than art" which was slowing the process of South African poetry becoming "more sophisticated" and "less provincial": a limitation which he hoped the "New South Africa" after the first democratic elections in 1994 would remove."A Modern Sense of Disquiet": Patrick Cullinan interviewed by Michael King and Stephen Watson in New Contrast Literary Journal, December 1992.]

Cullinan's poetry, often (in his earlier works) permeated by the Transvaal landscape, is most often concerned with the personal rather than the political; with emotional and metaphysical themes, such as his poem "My Predawn Owl". [cite web | url=http://southafrica.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=5484| title=Poem reproduced at Poetry International Web| date=2003 | work=My Predawn Owl ] Exemplified by this poem, his work is carefully crafted, often lyrical, and at one with the tradition of W. B. Yeats. His work draws from the cultural tradition inspired by major figues such as Dante and Eugenio Montale. While he is inspired and informed by such European tradition, Cullinan firmly identifies himself as an African writer:

I spent seven years, from the age of 14 to 21 in Europe (mainly, because I had no choice, in England), so I certainly ingested a great deal of European-ness. Therefore, when I came back to South Africa at the age of 21, I had a problem. Was I in fact a European, or an African? I remember sitting in a cottage in the Eastern Transvaal, on the Escarpment, thinking it through one night. When I woke up in the morning, I didn't have to think of it any longer: I was an African, and I always would be."

Cullinan maintains close contact with other poets writing in South Africa, notably Stephen Watson and Gus Ferguson. Before their deaths, he was a friend and fellow writer to Lionel Abrahams, Guy Butler and Douglas Livingstone.

In addition to volumes of his poetry, Cullinan has also published a biography of Robert Jacob Gordon (a Dutch traveller and soldier): "Robert Jacob Gordon 1743 - 1795: The Man and His Travels at the Cape" (1992), a semi-autobiographical work of prose fiction: "Matrix" (2002), and most recently, a collection of the letters of Bessie Head: "The Imaginative Trespasser" (2005).

Cullinan has won significant recognition in South Africa, and enjoys a reputation as arguably the most prominent South African poet alive today. Among the prizes he has won are the Slug Award, the Olive Schreiner Prize, [cite web | url=http://www.englishacademy.co.za/pastwinners.html| title=English Academy South Africa: Schreiner Prize Winners | date=2006-05-26 | work=Award Annals ] three Pringle Awards, the Sanlam Literary Award and the Merit Award (Cape Town Historical Society). In April 2003, the Republic of Italy conferred the title of ‘Cavaliere’ on him for his translations of Italian poetry, in particular the work of Eugenio Montale. Cullinan has made a significant contribution to South African poetry through his encouragement of young writers, both through his teaching, and through his willingness to mentor, support and constructively criticise. During his time at Oxford, he was similarly mentored by John Betjeman (who became a significant correspondent, [cite web | url=http://gateway.uvic.ca/spcoll/Lit/Eng/Betj.html| title=John Betjeman Archives at UVic Libraries Gateway | date=2006-01-01 | work=Betjeman Archives ] ) - and so represents a unique link between a lyrical English verse tradition and following generations of English-speaking South African poets.

Most recently, Cullinan has published a significant new collection of his works spanning over thirty years, Escarpments.

Prior to his retirement and his devotion to full-time writing, he lectured for many years at the University of the Western Cape. He currently lives in Cape Town, South Africa.

Bibliography

Poetry
* "The Horizon Forty Miles Away". Polygraph (1963)
* "Today is not Different". David Philip (1978)
* "The White Hail in the Orchard". David Philip (1984)
* "I Sing Where I Stand: Versions from the Afrikaans of Phil du Plessis: Poesie 1892-1984". Vooraand (1985)
* "Selected Poems, 1961-1991". Artists’ Press (1992)
* "Selected Poems, 1961-1994". Snailpress (1994)
* "Mantis Poets: Guy Butler/Patrick Cullinan". David Phillips Publishers (1998)
* "Transformations". Snailpress (1999)
* "Escarpments (Poems 1973 - 2007)". Umuzi Random House (2008)

Anthology
* "Lionel Abrahams: A Reader". (ed) Ad Donker (1988)
* "Dante in South Africa". (ed with Stephen Watson) Centre for Creative Writing, University of Cape Town (2005)

Biography
* "Robert Jacob Gordon 1743-1795: The Man and His Travels at the Cape". Winchester Struik (1992)
* "Imaginative Trespasser: Letters from Bessie head to Patrick and Wendy Cullinan 1963-1977". Johannesburg: Wits University Press (2005). ISBN 1•86814•413•5

Novel
* "Matrix". Snailpress (2002)

Footnotes

External links

* [http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0620011726 Amazon.co.uk: "The Horizon Forty Miles Away"]
* [http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0864860080 Amazon.co.uk: "White Hail in the Orchard"]
* [http://southafrica.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=5384 South Africa - Poetry International Web: small selection of Patrick Cullinan's poetry]
* [http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1868144135/ Amazon.co.uk: "Imaginative Trespasser"]
* [http://www.word-power.co.uk/books/imaginative-trespasser-I9781868144136/ Wordpower Independent Online Bookshop: "Imaginative Trespasser"]
* [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-155039308.html/ Review of "Imaginative Trespasser"by Craig MacKenzie, 11/1/2005]
* [http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/messages/467/2034277.html/ Peace Corps Online review of "Imaginative Trespasser"]
* [http://www.ru.ac.za/institutes/isea/NewCoin/docs/95/R95dec.htm/ Review and description of "Selected Poems" by Ian Tromp, December 1995]
* [http://www.bessiehead.org/critics/MacKenzie.doc/ Text of an address given at the launch of "Imaginative Trespasser" 30 July 2005]
* [http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0864862857/ Selected Poems 1961-1994 at Amazon.co.uk]
* [http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0949968935 Amazon.co.uk: "Mantis Poetry: Guy Butler/Patrick Cullinan"]
* [http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0868521493 Amazon.co.uk: "Lionel Abrahams: A Reader"]
* [http://impacdublinaward.ie/2004%20Award/Titles/Cullinan.htm/ International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award: "Matrix"]
* [http://www.teacher.co.za/articledirect.aspx?articleid=288552&area=%2farts_books%2f/ South African Mail & Guardian review by Shilrey Kossick of "Matrix", 6/9/2002]
* [http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0947430334 Amazon.co.uk: "Robert Jacob Gordon"]
* [http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/age/people/Gordon/frameset.htm/ Introduction by Cullinan to the online Transcription and Translation of the Gordon Travel Journals]
* [http://www.netalive.org/topics/11503/ Blog comment on Cullinan's Poetry 2/5/2003]
* [http://www.umuzi-randomhouse.co.za/escarpments.html/ Description an comment on Escarpments on publisher's website]