Brixton riot (1995)

The Brixton riots of 1995 began on December 13 after the death of black 26 year old, Wayne Douglas, in police custody. Trouble broke out after what had been a peaceful protest outside the Brixton Police Station where the death occurred. With several hundred people involved, the riot resulted in damage to property and vehicles in the area. Police sealed off a two mile (3 km) area around Brixton in south London.

The riot lasted for five hours. 22 people were arrested and charged with public order offences, theft and criminal damage. Three police officers were hurt. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/13/newsid_2559000/2559341.stm BBC ON THIS DAY | 13 | 1995: Riots break out in Brixton ] ]

The Deputy Prime Minister at the time, Michael Heseltine, condemned the riots and said "efforts to improve Brixton would continue"."New York Times", " [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D00E4DD1739F936A25751C1A963958260 Man's Death Sets Off Riot In London] "]

Causes

Sparked by the death of Mr Douglas in police custody, many commentators saw the riot as a manifestation of wider issues.

The BBC reported that Alex Owolade, chairman of the anti-racist group Movement for Justice, said the violence was a rebellion against years of "racist injustice" by police in an impoverished area plagued by racial tension.

The New York Times reported that local residents were outraged by the death of a black man in police custody and saw the riots as expression of alienation in an impoverished area devastated by race riots in 1981. The New York Times quotes Harold Douglas, 39, as saying:

"Last night happened because the only time a black man is seen and listened to is when he comes out on the street...They cause a million pounds of damage and then people start taking notice."

At a news conference at the time Metropolitan Police Commissioner Paul Condon is quoted to have said:

"It was not Brixton rioting last night. It was a small minority of thugs and criminals who, as ever, were looking for the opportunity to embark on criminal activities."

SchNEWS quoted a local resident, only identified as "Laura" as saying:

"Local people are not only pissed off with the death of Wayne Douglas but the whole gentrification of Brixton. Council houses and houses occupied by squatters are being sold off and local pubs like the Atlantic, traditionally run by black people, was opened last week by yuppies as 'The Dog Star'. In anger this was smashed, looted and burnt out. The £33 million City Challenge development including CCTV is only of benefit to big business not local stallholders." [http://www.schnews.org.uk/archive/news53.htm SchNEWS 53 - 15th December 1995 - Baylon's Burning - black deaths in custody - direct action conference - In defence of the Criminal Justice Act ] ]

SchNews quoted another local resident, identified as "Joyce", as saying:

"People were putting up barricades. There were hundreds of people involved, mostly young black and white people and they were local, they weren't outsiders. This was a combination of black people dying in police custody and the way Brixton is at the moment. The place is being yuppified with City Challenge while unemployed centres, adventure playgrounds and libraries are getting shut."

The Riots

The picketing of Brixton Police Station over the death of Mr Douglas reportedly developed into a march down Brixton Road (Brixton High Street). Violence was triggered by a standoff between the police and about 100 demonstrators. Witnesses have reported hearing groups of black youths shouting "Killers, killers" at the police. Some eye-witness accounts describe the police presence at the demonstration as "incredibly heavy-handed".

The BBC reported that "hundreds" of black and white youths participated in the riot. Rioters attacked police, ransacked shops and burned cars. According to the police "Officers were wearing protective clothing because we had reports of missiles being thrown."

In an attempt to contain the riots around 50 police officers in riot gear formed lines to close Brixton's main road (Brixton Road), preventing anyone from entering the area. Brixton Road had been the scene of rioting in 1981. Police also sealed off a two-mile area around the centre of Brixton and closed Brixton tube station as well as Stockwell tube station. A police helicopter was despatched over Brixton.

It was reported that shots were fired as the centre of the demonstration moved into the area of the Ritzy cinema. It was also reported that a crowd of at least ten rioters pulled a police motor cyclist from his machine.

The Dogstar, Coldharbour Lane was among the businesses attacked by the rioters. Formerly The Atlantic, a predominantly black pub, and recently refurbished. [ [http://www.reggaezine.co.uk/brixtonrenaissance.html A Brixton Renaissance ] ]

The riot later developed into what police called "sporadic pockets of trouble in the area around Brixton town centre". The police stated that "We gave them every opportunity to move off peacefully but they hadn't done so."

Death of Wayne Douglas

Wayne Douglas was in police custody to be questioned about a burglary. Police reported that he collapsed in Brixton Police Station. The police statement said that Mr Douglas died after collapsing while being questioned. Although the post-mortem on Mr Douglas revealed that he had died of heart failure, the inquest into his death showed that he had been held face-down with his hands cuffed behind his back four different times [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/142385.stm BBC News | UK | New Wayne Douglas inquest ruled out ] ] The post-mortem also revealed that Mr Douglas had suffered from heart disease.

ee also

* Brixton
* Brixton riot (1981)
* Brixton riot (1985)
* Urban riots

References